ZSHPARAM(1) General Commands Manual ZSHPARAM(1) (NAME) zshparam - zsh (DESCRIPTION) . - (underscore) `*' `@' `#' `?' `-' `$' `!' . - . . ( ) ( ) ( - ) . -x . . . . . (readonly) (unset) . typeset . : name=value value GLOB_ASSIGN . -i -E -F name value . `=' `+=' . ` ' Arithmetic Evaluation ( zshmisc(1)) . . GLOB_ASSIGN . `$name' `${name}' . Parameter Expansion zshexpn(1) . . (ARRAY PARAMETERS) : set -A name value ... name=(value ...) name=([key]=value ...) name . name . key ( ) value . . . : [ ]= key ]= . ( `Array Subscripts' ) . . key . . KSH_ARRAYS : array=(one [3]=three four) array one three four . value . [key]=value key value ( ) (e) zshexpn(1) . value ksh . zsh . () . : name=([a-z]'='*) : name+=(value ...) name+=([key]=value ...) key value . [key]+=value . value . . : typeset -a name : typeset -A name name : set -A name key value ... name=(key value ...) name=([key]=value ...) . . key value . . : name+=(key value ...) name+=([key]=value ...) / . [key]+=value . . ( ) : set -A name name=() (Array Subscripts) . `[exp]' exp exp `$((...))' . KSH_ARRAYS . `${foo[2]}' `$foo[2]' . KSH_ARRAYS . KSH_ARRAYS . KSH_ZERO_SUBSCRIPT 0 1 zshoptions(1) . exp . . Subscript Parsing . `[*]' `[@]' . `"$foo[*]"' `"$foo[1] $foo[2] ..."' `"$foo[@]"' `"$foo[1]" "$foo[2]" ...' . `[*]' `[@]' . `k' Parameter Expansion Flags zshexpn(1) . `$name' ( ) `$name[*]' KSH_ARRAYS `${name[0]}' ( `0' ). `[exp1,exp2]' exp1 exp2 . ( .) -n n . `$foo[-3]' foo `$foo[1,-1]' `$foo[*]' . . FOO `foobar' `echo $FOO[2,5]' `ooba' . . string="abcdefghijklm" print ${string[(r)d?,(r)h?]} `defghi' . . ( ). r R : . * . . : name[exp]=value exp . ( ) . . ( .) typeset : typeset "name[exp]"=value value typeset . . noglob . `()' . unset : unset "name[exp]" (Subscript Flags) `name[(flags)exp]'. s n b `:' `(...)' `{...}' `[...]' `<...>' `<...>' (redirection) . : w . (whitespace) . i I / 0 . s:string: string ( w). : . p (escape sequences) print `s' . f (newlines) . `pws:\n:' . r : exp ( `w' ). `$foo[(r)??,3]' `$foo[(r)??,(r)f*]' . . ${array[(r)pattern]} . (i) ( KSH_ARRAYS ): [[ ${array[(i)pattern]} -le ${#array} ]] KSH_ARRAYS -le -lt . R `r' . . . 0 KSH_ARRAYS KSH_ZERO_SUBSCRIPT . `r' `R' ( GLOB_SUBST ). `e' . : key2='original key' print ${array[(Re)$key2]} i `r' . `r' . . `r' . : `i' () . I `i' . 0 . . : KSH_ARRAYS . k exp . . . `r' . K `k' exp . `R' . n:expr: `r' `R' `i' `I' n n ( expr n ). . : . b:expr: `r' `R' `i' `I' n n ( expr n ). . : ..TP e . `${array[(re)*]}' * . ( ). * @ . . Parameter Expansion Flags (zshexpn(1)) . (Subscript Parsing) ( `r' `R' `i' ) . (append) : aa+=('key with "*strange*" characters' 'value string') `[' `]' ( zshmisc(1) ). ( !) . (`[' `]') (`\') . ( ) `\[' `[' `\]' `]' . `[^[]' ( ) `[^\[]' . `\[^\[\]' `\[^[]' ! (`(' `)') (`{' `}') : . . (`"') `\"' ( `\"' `"' ). . `"' `\"' ( `\\\"') . typeset : typeset -A aa typeset "aa[one\"two\"three\"quotes]"=QQQ print "$aa[one\"two\"three\"quotes]" . . . . `\*' `\@' . `*' `@' `e' : typeset -A aa aa[(e)*]=star print $aa[(e)*] . . : GLOB_SUBST ( ) . . . ( ) `${(q)name}' ( zshexpn(1) ) . `k' `K' ! ( .) : ( ) `$2foo' `${2}foo' . `${2[3,5]}' `$2[3,5]' `[3,5]' . `Invocation` `Functions` . n n n . `$0` `Parameters Set By The Shell` . * @ argv `$argv[n]` `$n` . KSH_ARRAYS KSH_ZERO_SUBSCRIPT `${argv[0]}` `$1` . set argv `n=value` n . n ( ). `n=(value ...)` n . (LOCAL PARAMETERS) . ( .) typeset declare integer local readonly ( export) . . ( .) export . . unset . -h () . : ( ) . : typeset PATH=/new/directory:$PATH /new/directory . zsh (export) . (PARAMETERS SET BY THE SHELL) `` . `` sh ksh . `!` `#` `*` `-` `?` `@` `$` `ARGC` `HISTCMD` `LINENO` `PPID` `status` `TTYIDLE` `zsh_eval_context` `ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT` `ZSH_SUBSHELL` `typeset -p` . . : ! (PID) & bg coproc . # . $#param param . ${#} . `$#-...` - . ARGC #. $ (PID) . (fork ) (...) $$ . - set setopt. * . argv *. argv argv . argv unset ( * @ ). @ argv[@] argv . ? . 0 -c . FUNCTION_ARGZERO $0 (sourced) . status ?. pipestatus (pipeline). _ . . CPUTYPE ( ) . EGID . . ( ) `(EGID=gid; command)` . 0 . EUID . . ( ) `(EUID=uid; command)` . 0 . ERRNO errno ( errno(3) ) . . zsh/system . ( 0 ()) . (unset) . FUNCNEST . . . 500 . (crash) . . GID (real group ID) . . ( ) `(GID=gid; command)' . 0 . HISTCMD $HISTCMD . HISTCMD . HOST . LINENO (sourced) . functions . LOGNAME . (export) typeset . getlogin(3) . MACHTYPE ( ) . OLDPWD . . OPTARG getopts . OPTIND getopts . OSTYPE . PPID . $$ . PWD . . RANDOM 0 32767 . RANDOM (seed) . RANDOM RANDOM RANDOM . SECONDS . . SECONDS typeset . . `typeset -F SECONDS' . typeset . typeset zshbuiltins(1) . SHLVL . signals . zsh 1 (offset) . HUP 1 $signals[2] . EXIT 1 zsh . (real-time) . kill -l SIGRTMIN . TRY_BLOCK_ERROR always . 1 0 . . Complex Commands zshmisc(1) . TRY_BLOCK_INTERRUPT TRY_BLOCK_ERROR (interrupt) SIGINT ^C . 0 always (propagate) . always . TTY tty . TTYIDLE tty -1 tty . UID (real user ID) . . ( ) `(UID=uid; command)' . 0 . USERNAME . ( ) . ( ) `(USERNAME=username; command)' ( ) . VENDOR / . zsh_eval_context (ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT ) ( ) . . . . $ZSH_SUBSHELL . :.PD 0 cmdarg -c . cmdsubst `...` $(...). equalsubst =(...). eval eval . evalautofunc KSH_AUTOLOAD . fc -e fc . file source. filecode .zwc . globqual (glob qualifier) e + . globsort (glob qualifier) o . insubst <(...). loadautofunc . outsubst >(...). sched sched . shfunc . stty STTY stty . stty . style (style) zstyle zsh/zutil . toplevel . trap trap . (context) shfunc . . zpty zpty zsh/zpty . zregexparse-guard (guard) zregexparse zsh/zutil . zregexparse-action (action) zregexparse zsh/zutil . ZSH_ARGZERO zsh . . $0 POSIX_ARGZERO . ZSH_EXECUTION_STRING -c . . ZSH_NAME (basename) zsh . ZSH_PATCHLEVEL <> zsh . $ZSH_VERSION . zsh_scheduled_events <> zshmodules(1) . ZSH_SCRIPT zsh (unset). ZSH_SUBSHELL . (fork) . <<(print $ZSH_SUBSHELL)>> <> 1 <<( (print $ZSH_SUBSHELL) )>> 2 . ZSH_VERSION zsh..SH " (PARAMETERS USED BY THE SHELL)" . `' `' sh ksh . path PATH (array) (scalar) (:) . (tied) `typeset -T' . (export) . (unset) . ARGV0 (export) argv[0] . `ARGV0=emacs nethack' . BAUD . . . . (WAN) . (baud rate) . cdpath (CDPATH ) ( ) cd . COLUMNS . . CORRECT_IGNORE . . `_*' ( `_' ) . CORRECT_ALL ( `_' ). CORRECT_IGNORE_FILE . . `.*' (dot files) . CORRECT_ALL . DIRSTACKSIZE . (truncate) . AUTO_PUSHD . ENV ENV zsh sh ksh $ENV (profile) (source) . ENV . ENV zsh sh ksh . FCEDIT fc. FCEDIT EDITOR vi . fignore (FIGNORE ) ( ) . . fpath (FPATH ) ( ) . -u . . histchars . ( `!'). ( `^'). (comment) ( `#'). ASCII histchars (locale) . HISTCHARS histchars. (.) HISTFILE . . HISTORY_IGNORE . . `fc *' . HISTORY_IGNORE : `(first|second|...)' . HIST_NO_STORE (hook) zshaddhistory . HISTORY_IGNORE : zshaddhistory() { emulate -L zsh ## uncomment if HISTORY_IGNORE ## should use EXTENDED_GLOB syntax # setopt extendedglob [[ $1 != ${~HISTORY_IGNORE} ]] } HISTSIZE . HIST_EXPIRE_DUPS_FIRST SAVEHIST . (local) 0 . HOME cd. sh ksh csh . IFS ( NUL) read . IFS IFS . IFS IFS IFS . IFS IFS IFS . (unset) . . MULTIBYTE IFS (locale) . KEYBOARD_HACK ( ). return SUNKEYBOARDHACK (backquote) . . SUNKEYBOARDHACK KEYBOARD_HACK backquote . . KEYTIMEOUT . LANG (locale) `LC_' . LC_ALL `LANG' `LC_' (override) . LC_COLLATE (collation) (glob) . LC_CTYPE . MULTIBYTE LANG - (ASCII) . ISO-8859-1 en_US.iso88591 ( ) en_US.ISO8859-1 ( MacOS) . LC_MESSAGES . zsh . LC_NUMERIC / . zsh . LC_TIME (prompt) . LINES . select . LISTMAX . . () . MAIL mailpath . MAILCHECK . mailpath (MAILPATH ) ( ) . `?' . $_ . `You have new mail' . . manpath (MANPATH ) ( ) . manpath MANPATH . match mbegin mend b . Globbing flags Filename Generation zshexpn(1) . MATCH MBEGIN MEND m . Globbing flags Filename Generation zshexpn(1) . module_path (MODULE_PATH ) ( ) zmodload . `/usr/local/lib/zsh/$ZSH_VERSION' . ( `/usr/local/lib' .) . . NULLCMD (redirection) . cat . sh/ksh : . -csh (unset) . path (PATH ) ( ) . (hash table) . . POSTEDIT . termcap . PROMPT PROMPT2 PROMPT3 PROMPT4 PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 . prompt PS1. PROMPT_EOL_MARK PROMPT_CR PROMPT_SP PROMPT_EOL_MARK . PROMPT_PERCENT . `%B%S%#%s%b' . PS1 . EXPANSION OF PROMPT SEQUENCES zshmisc(1) . `%m%# ' . PS2 . PS1 . `%_> ' . PS3 select . PS1 . `?# ' . PS4 . `+%N:%i> ' . sh ksh `+ ' ..TP psvar (PSVAR ) ( ) PROMPT . psvar PSVAR . READNULLCMD . more . REPORTMEMORY (resident set size ) . TIMEFMT REPORTTIME time . " max RSS %M" TIMEFMT . REPORTTIME . getrusage() . REPORTTIME ( ) . (completion) time . REPLY . read select REPLY . REPLY . reply REPLY . RPROMPT RPS1 . SINGLE_LINE_ZLE . PS1 . RPROMPT2 RPS2 . SINGLE_LINE_ZLE . PS2 . SAVEHIST . 0 . SPROMPT . `%R' `%r' . . [nyae]: n (`no') () . y (`yes') . a (`abort') . e (`edit') . STTY stty . . fg wait STTY . () `kill -CONT' . STTY . stty (export) . STTY . stty . tty tty ttyctl . TERM . termcap . TERM zsh ( `TERM=$TERM'). . TERMINFO terminfo `terminfo' terminfo(5) . `TERM=$TERM' . TERMINFO_DIRS terminfo `terminfo' terminfo(5) . ncurses terminfo(5) . `TERM=$TERM' . zsh . TIMEFMT time. `%J %U user %S system %P cpu %*E total' . : %% `%'. %U (user mode). %S (kernel mode). %E . %P 100*(%U+%S)/%E. %W swap . %X () . %D / () . %K (%X+%D) . %M ..TP %F ( ). %R . %I . %O . %r . %s . %k . %w (). %c . %J (job). ( <<%*E>>) <> ( ). <> <> ( <<%mE>>) . TMOUT (prompt) ALRM . (trap) SIGALRM TMOUT . TMOUT zsh . TMOUT . TMPPREFIX . . <> . TMPSUFFIX ( <<=(list)>>) . <<.>> . (unset). WORDCHARS - . ZBEEP bindkey zsh/zle zshmodules(1) . <<\e[?5h\e[?5l>> vt100 xterm ( reverse video) ( <<\e[?5l\e[?5h>> ). NOBEEP . ZDOTDIR (.zshrc ) $HOME . zle_bracketed_paste (paste) . ZLE . (undo) (region) . (escape sequences) . (bracketed paste) ZLE . (unset) bracketed paste . zle_highlight ZLE . Character Highlighting zshzle(1) . ZLE_LINE_ABORTED . . <> . . ZLE_REMOVE_SUFFIX_CHARS ZLE_SPACE_SUFFIX_CHARS . ( ) . . ZLE_REMOVE_SUFFIX_CHARS ZLE_SPACE_SUFFIX_CHARS . ZLE_REMOVE_SUFFIX_CHARS : ZLE_REMOVE_SUFFIX_CHARS=$' \t\n;&|' ZLE_REMOVE_SUFFIX_CHARS . ZLE_SPACE_SUFFIX_CHARS : ZLE_SPACE_SUFFIX_CHARS=$'&|' <<&>> <<|>> . AUTO_REMOVE_SLASH DIR / <<&>> . <> . ZLE_REMOVE_SUFFIX_CHARS <<&>> <> . ZLE_SPACE_SUFFIX_CHARS <<&>> <> . . zshcompsys(1) . ZLE_RPROMPT_INDENT () ( RPS1 RPROMPT ) . 1 . 0 . . . . zsh 5.9.2 July 12, 2026 ZSHPARAM(1)