ZSHBUILTINS(1) General Commands Manual ZSHBUILTINS(1) (NAME) zshbuiltins - zsh (SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS) `flags' () . `option' . (-) . `print -C3 {1..9}' `print -C 3 {1..9}' . . `print -rca -- *' `print -r -c -a -- *' . `-' `+' . . ( ) . `echo' (precommand modifiers) `--' . . `-' . ( `echo') `-' `--' . - simple command `Precommand Modifiers' zshmisc(1) . . file [ arg ... ] file . file PATH_DIRS $path file . `.' $path . `file.zwc' file ( zcompile) file file . arg file . . file 127 file 126 . : [ arg ... ] . . alias [ {+|-}gmrsL ] [ name[=value] ... ] name value . value . -g : % perldoc --help 2>&1 | grep 'built-in functions' -f Search Perl built-in functions % alias -g HG='--help 2>&1 | grep' % perldoc HG 'built-in functions' -f Search Perl built-in functions -s : `text.name' text `value text.name' . name (literal) . value . alias -s ps='gv --' `*.ps' `gv -- *.ps' . (globbing) `*.ps' . ( ps ) . name value name ( ) . . -m ( glob ) . -g -r -s . `+' `-' `+' . -L . name ( value) . ALIASING zshmisc(1) . autoload [ {+|-}RTUXdkmrtWz ] [ -w ] [ name ... ] `Autoloading Functions' zshmisc(1) . fpath . name ( dump ). (basename ) . -d $fpath . autoload $fpath . -r -R $PWD . $fpath autoload . -r -R autoload . -X . . . . ( ) -d $fpath . +X name . () . . () . . ksh ksh . -m name ..PP -t -T . -U (alias expansion) . -w name zcompile . -z -k zsh ksh KSH_AUTOLOAD . (override) . autoload . emulate : emulate zsh -c 'autoload -Uz func' func zsh func . autoload functions -u functions -U autoload . bg [ job ... ] job ... & job . bindkey `Zle Builtins' zshzle(1) . break [ n ] for while until select repeat. n n . builtin name [ args ... ] name args . bye exit. cap `The zsh/cap Module' zshmodules(1) . cd [ -qsLP ] [ arg ] cd [ -qsLP ] old new cd [ -qsLP ] {+|-}n . arg arg $HOME . arg `-' . arg arg . arg `.' cdpath . arg cdpath arg cdpath . `.' cdpath cdpath `.' . POSIX_CD cdpath . CDABLE_VARS arg . (hash table) . cd new old . cd . `+n' dirs . `-n' . PUSHD_MINUS `+' `-' . POSIX_CD cd . -q ( quiet) chpwd chpwd_functions . cd . -s cd . -P CHASE_LINKS . -L CHASE_LINKS ( ). chdir cd. clone `The zsh/clone Module' zshmodules(1) . command [ -pvV ] simple command simple command . POSIX_BUILTINS . -p $path . -v command whence -V whence -v . `Precommand Modifiers' zshmisc(1) . comparguments `The zsh/computil Module' zshmodules(1) . compcall `The zsh/compctl Module' zshmodules(1) . compctl `The zsh/compctl Module' zshmodules(1) . compdescribe `The zsh/computil Module' zshmodules(1) . compfiles `The zsh/computil Module' zshmodules(1) . compgroups `The zsh/computil Module' zshmodules(1) . compquote `The zsh/computil Module' zshmodules(1) . comptags `The zsh/computil Module' zshmodules(1) . comptry `The zsh/computil Module' zshmodules(1) . compvalues `The zsh/computil Module' zshmodules(1) . continue [ n ] for while until select repeat . n n-1 n- . declare typeset. dirs [ -c ] [ arg ... ].TP dirs [ -lpv ] . pushd cd popd . . -c . -l ~ ( Dynamic Static named directories zshexpn(1) ). -p . -v . disable [ -afmprs ] name ... (name) . . . -a disable . -s disable . -f disable . -r disable . . -m ( ) . enable . -p name ... <> . . EXTENDED_GLOB KSH_GLOB SH_GLOB . EXTENDED_GLOB ^ <> . . SH_GLOB . . '?' ? KSH_GLOB . '*' * (recursive globbing) KSH_GLOB . '[' (Character classes). '<' (NO_SH_GLOB) . '|' (NO_SH_GLOB) ( ) case KSH_GLOB. '(' (NO_SH_GLOB) . KSH_GLOB ( <> ). '~' (EXTENDED_GLOB) A~B. '^' (EXTENDED_GLOB) A^B. '#' (EXTENDED_GLOB) # . '?(' (KSH_GLOB) ?(...). '?' . '*(' (KSH_GLOB) *(...). '*' . '+(' (KSH_GLOB) +(...). '!(' (KSH_GLOB) !(...). '@(' (KSH_GLOB) @(...). disown [ job ... ] job ... &| job ... &! (job) . job (disown) . job AUTO_CONTINUE . AUTO_CONTINUE job . echo [ -neE ] [ arg ... ] arg . -n . echo : \a (bell) \b (backspace) \c \e (escape) \f (form feed) \n (newline) \r (carriage return) \t (horizontal tab) \v (vertical tab) \\ (backslash) \0NNN ().TP \xNN \uNNNN \UNNNNNNNN -E BSD_ECHO . -e . . ( ) . . printf zsh print . echotc <> zshmodules(1) . echoti <> zshmodules(1) . emulate [ -lLR ] [ {zsh|sh|ksh|csh} [ flags ... ] ] . zsh . csh . zsh COMPATIBILITY zsh(1) . enable -p . emulate functions -t xtrace . . source eval . -R . -L LOCAL_OPTIONS LOCAL_PATTERNS LOCAL_TRAPS emulate setopt disable -p enable -p trap ( ) ksh . -L -c flags . -l ( <> ) . -l -L -R . . flags INVOCATION zsh(1) <<-o EMACS>> <<-o VI>> . <<+r>>/<<+o RESTRICTED>> . -c arg flags arg . emulate . -R -R flags . -c <<>> : ( -R ) ( ) . <> ( LOCAL_OPTIONS). . : emulate sh -c 'fni() { setopt cshnullglob; } fno() { fni; }' fno fni fno sh . fno sh . fno fni fni sh . cshnullglob sh fni fno . fno . . . 1. <> . . 2. . 3. autoload wordcode zcompile . 4. -R emulate <> <> <> . 5. <> <> . enable [ -afmprs ] name ... name disable . (builtin) . -a enable . -s enable . -f enable . -r enable . . -m ( ) . disable . enable -p disable -p . <> ~ EXTENDED_GLOB . ( disable -p ) <> . eval [ arg ... ] () . arg ( ) . exec [ -cl ] [ -a argv0 ] [ command [ arg ... ] ] command (forking). command . -c -l - argv[0] ( login shell) -a argv0 argv[0] . `Precommand Modifiers' zshmisc(1) . POSIX_BUILTINS command . (precommand modifiers) builtin noglob . command . command . exit [ n ] n . EOF IGNORE_EOF . exit (jobs) JOBS zshmisc(1) . export [ name[=value] ... ] (name) (export) . typeset -gx . (global scope) . false [ arg ... ] 1 . fc [ -e ename ] [ -s ] [ -LI ] [ -m match ] [ old=new ... ] [ first [ last ] ] fc -l [ -LI ] [ -nrdfEiD ] [ -t timefmt ] [ -m match ] [ old=new ... ] [ first [ last ] ] fc -p [ -a ] [ filename [ histsize [ savehistsize ] ] ] fc -P fc -ARWI [ filename ] fc . (interactive) . interactive . first last . first last . (offset) . . old=new . . -I ( $HISTFILE) -L ( SHARE_HISTORY zshoptions(1) -- $HISTFILE ) -m ( ) first -1 ( ) -l -16 . last first -l -1 . `print -s' `fc -R' last -l . -l . -e ename . -e FCEDIT EDITOR `vi' . ename `-' . . `-s' `-e -' . -r -n . -d -f - `MM/DD/YY hh:mm' -E - `dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm' -i - ISO8601 `yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm' -t fmt fmt strftime zsh %D{string} EXPANSION OF PROMPT SEQUENCES zshmisc(1) . 256 -D `fc -p' (stack) . -a (pop) trap `fc -P' . $HISTFILE $HISTSIZE $SAVEHIST . $HISTFILE $HISTSIZE $SAVEHIST ( ) . $HISTSIZE $SAVEHIST . $SAVEHIST $HISTSIZE . . `fc -P' `fc -p' . $HISTFILE ( $HISTFILE $SAVEHIST ). $HISTFILE $HISTSIZE $SAVEHIST `fc -p' . <> (local) `fc -p' . (-a) `fc -p' . ..PP `fc -R' `fc -W' `fc -A' . $HISTFILE . -I -R . -I -A -W / . $SAVEHIST . fg [ job ... ] job ... job . job . float [ {+|-}Hghlprtux ] [ {+|-}EFLRZ [ n ] ] [ name[=value] ... ] typeset -E . functions [ {+|-}UkmtTuWz ] [ -x num ] [ name ... ] functions -c oldfn newfn functions -M [-s] mathfn [ min [ max [ shellfn ] ] ] functions -M [ -m pattern ... ] functions +M [ -m ] mathfn ... typeset -f -c -x -M -W. functions -u functions -U autoload . functions -t functions -T typeset -f . -x num (space) . num 0 . -W WARN_NESTED_VAR . ( ) -W . -c oldfn newfn . (reference counting) . oldfn . . oldfn newfn . -M +M -M typeset -f . functions -M mathfn mathfn `Arithmetic Evaluation' zshmisc(1) . mathfn . min min min max min max . max -1 . shellfn mathfn . $0 mathfn ( shellfn ) FUNCTION_ARGZERO . . . $((...)) let ((...)) return . . : # WRONG zmath_cube() { (( $1 * $1 * $1 )) return 0 } functions -M cube 1 1 zmath_cube print $(( cube(3) )) return `0' . return : ((...)) ($?) ( ) ( ) : # WRONG zmath_cube() { (( $1 * $1 * $1 )) } functions -M cube 1 1 zmath_cube print $(( cube(0) )) true : # RIGHT zmath_cube() { (( $1 * $1 * $1 )) true } functions -M cube 1 1 zmath_cube print $(( cube(3) )) -s functions -M : . 1 . . 11 : stringfn() { (( $#1 )); true } functions -Ms stringfn print $(( stringfn(foo,bar,rod) )) functions -M . -m mathfn . function +M -m mathfn . ( mathfn ). getcap `The zsh/cap Module' zshmodules(1) . getln [ -AclneE ] name ... name . read -zr ..TP getopts optstring name [ arg ... ] arg . arg . `+' `-' . `+' `-' `--' . `-' . optstring getopts . `:' . . getopts name arg `+' `+' . arg OPTIND . OPTARG . OPTIND . OPTIND 1 1 . ( POSIX_BUILTINS .) OPTARG getopts . OPTIND OPTARG (unset) . name . `:' optstring getopts OPTARG name `?' `:' . getopts name `?' . . hash [ -Ldfmrv ] [ name[=value] ] ... hash . PATH ( ) ( ) . -d . name / ./ ../ hash . . -r -f . -r . . -f . PATH ( ) . . . -m ( ) . . name value `name' `value' . `name' `value' . `value' `~name' . name value name value . value . -v . -f . -L hash . history fc -l . integer [ {+|-}Hghlprtux ] [ {+|-}LRZi [ n ] ] [ name[=value] ... ] typeset -i . jobs [ -dlprs ] [ job ... ] jobs -Z string job . -l -p . -r -s . -d ( ) . -Z . ps (ps(1)) . . () (...) . jobs . . . sleep 10 & # Job in background ( # Shell forks jobs # Shows information about "sleep 10 &" sleep 5 & # Process in background (no job control) jobs # Shows information about "sleep 5 &" ) kill [ -s signal_name | -n signal_number | -sig ] [ -q value ] job ... kill -l [ sig ... ] kill -L SIGTERM . `SIG' . `KILL' `CONT' `CONT' . job . kill -l sig . sig . sig . -L . . SIGCHLD SIGCLD SIGPOLL SIGIO . kill -l kill -l alt . kill -l IO kill -l POLL 29 kill -IO kill -POLL . . -q sigqueue() . let arg ... arg . `Arithmetic Evaluation' zshmisc(1) . . limit [ -hs ] [ resource [ limit ] ] ... . -s . -s . limit resource . -h . resource . . . resource : addressspace . aiomemorylocked RAM AIO. aiooperations AIO. cachedthreads (threads) . coredumpsize (core dump). cputime (CPU) . datasize ( ) . descriptors (file descriptor). filesize . kqueues (kqueues) . maxfilelocks . maxproc . maxpthreads . memorylocked RAM. memoryuse (resident set size). msgqueue POSIX. nice nice. pipebuf /fifo. posixlocks POSIX . pseudoterminals (pseudo-terminals). resident (resident set size). rt_priority (real-time priority). rt_time (CPU) . sigpending . sockbufsize . stacksize . swapsize swap . umtxp POSIX. vmemorysize . vnodemonitors vnode. . resource . . . -s . limit : nh nk () nm ng [mm:]ss limit . `zmodload -F zsh/rlimits b:limit' . local [ {+|-}AHUahlprtux ] [ {+|-}EFLRZi [ n ] ] [ name[=value] ... ] typeset -g -f . -x -g (exported) . logout [ n ] exit (login shell) . noglob simple command `Precommand Modifiers' zshmisc(1) . popd [ -q ] [ {+|-}n ] cd . . `+n' dirs . -n . PUSHD_MINUS `+' `-' . -q ( quiet) (hook) chpwd $chpwd_functions . popd . print [ -abcDilmnNoOpPrsSz ] [ -u n ] [ -f format ] [ -C cols ] [ -v name ] [ -xX tabstop ] [ -R [ -en ]] [ arg ... ] `-f' printf . `-' echo : `\M-x' ( `\Mx') x ( ) `\C-x' ( `\Cx') (`\C-@' `\C-?' NULL delete ) `\NNN' ( `\0NNN') `\E' `\e' . `\' . -a . -c -C . -b bindkey `Zle Builtins' zshzle(1) . -c . -a . -C cols cols . -a . -D ~ . -i -o -O (case-independently) . -l . : print -l . print -C1 `print -rC1 -- "$list[@]"'. -m ( ) . -n . -N (null) . `print -rNC1 -- "$list[@]"' null . -o . -O . -p (coprocess). -P (prompt expansion) ( EXPANSION OF PROMPT SEQUENCES zshmisc(1) ). `-f' . -r echo. -R echo BSD -e . -n . -e -n -R . -s (history) . print . -S . . HIST_LEX_WORDS . -u n n. -v name name. -x tab-stop (tab stop) tab-stop . . print print ( ). print tab stop . MULTIBYTE . printf . -X tab-stop -x . . -z () . `-m' `-o' `-O' `-f' ( `-m') . printf [ -v name ] format [ arg ... ] (format). C . echo . C csdiouxXeEfgGn . `%b' `%s' `%q' . . `Arithmetic Evaluation' zshmisc(1) . `%n' . `%' `%n$' `*' `*n$' n . . . print -r . . -v name . name . pushd [ -qsLP ] [ arg ] pushd [ -qsLP ] old new pushd [ -qsLP ] {+|-}n (push ). arg . arg ( ) PUSHD_TO_HOME $HOME . arg cd . old new cd . pushd . <<+n>> dirs . <<-n>> . PUSHD_MINUS <<+>> <<->> . -q () chpwd $chpwd_functions . pushd . -q PUSHD_SILENT pushd . -s -L -P cd . pushln [ arg ... ] print -nz. pwd [ -rLP ] . -r -P CHASE_LINKS -L . r fc -e -. read [ -rszpqAclneE ] [ -t [ num ] ] [ -k [ num ] ] [ -d delim ] [ -u n ] [ [name][?prompt] ] [ name ... ] $IFS . name name name . name REPLY reply . -r : <<\>> . -s (echo) . -q <> <> name <> <> . <> <> . ( -t ) (EOF) . -u -p . zle . -k [ num ] ( num) . name . -q . -u -p . zle . <> MULTIBYTE . -z name . <> push-line ( zshzle(1) ). -k -q . -e -E () . -e . -A name . -c -l (completion) ( -K compctl) . -c . -l . -l -c . -n -c . -l () . . -u n n . -p (coprocess) . -d delim delim . -t [ num ] . num ( ) . num read . . -z -c -l -q zle . read . (canonical) <> . -k <> (block) . <> . <> prompt () . ( ) read (EOF) -c -l compctl -q . . -k -p -q -u -z . -q -p -u -k -z -z -p -u . -c -l -kpquz . readonly typeset -r . POSIX_BUILTINS typeset -gr . rehash hash -r . return [ n ] <<.>> n . <<42>> : () { integer foo=40; return "foo + 2" } echo $? n . return (trap) TRAPNAL . ( ) . <> . sched <> zshmodules(1) . set [ {+|-}options | {+|-}o [ option_name ] ] ... [ {+|-}A [ name ] ] [ arg ... ] / . -s ( name -A) . +s . zshoptions(1) . -o . -o : setopt . +o . -A name arg name . +A name name . -A name +A name KSH_ARRAYS . name . . set -A array -x -- foo KSH_ARRAYS array <<-x -- foo>> foo <<-x>> . -A . ( ) <<-->> (unset) . <<-->> . <<+>> . zsh <> <> <> <> . setcap <> zshmodules(1) . setopt [ {+|-}options | {+|-}o option_name ] [ -m ] [ name ... ] . . . ( zsh zshoptions(1) ). no no . ( SHIN_STDIN INTERACTIVE) . KSH_OPTION_PRINT no . -m ( ) . <> . set POSIX (special builtin) setopt . shift [ -p ] [ n ] [ name ... ] ${n+1} ... $1 ... n 1 . name () . -p (pop) . source file [ arg ... ] <<.>> $path . stat <> zshmodules(1) . suspend [ -f ] ( SIGTSTP ) SIGCONT . -f (login shell) . test [ arg ... ] [ [ arg ... ] ] test . ( <> ). test [ : 2 . POSIX . . ( ) . <<[[>> . times . trap [ arg ] [ sig ... ] arg ( ) sig . sig SIG ( 1 HUP SIGHUP ). arg <<->> sig . arg ( ) . arg sig ( ) arg <<->> . trap . sig ZERR arg . SIGERR ( ) ERR ZERR . sig DEBUG DEBUG_BEFORE_CMD ( ) arg . <<>> <<>> (sublist) SIMPLE COMMANDS & PIPELINES zshmisc(1) . DEBUG_BEFORE_CMD . ERR_EXIT ERR_EXIT zshoptions(1) . ZSH_DEBUG_CMD . . (unset) . sig 0 EXIT trap arg . $? . sig 0 EXIT trap arg (hook) zshexit . ZERR DEBUG EXIT . ZERR DEBUG (subshells) . trap <> ( ) . trap 'print $LINENO' DEBUG TRAPDEBUG() { print $LINENO; } . kill . . . true [ arg ... ] 0 . ttyctl [ -fu ] -f tty ( ) (freeze) -u . tty tty . stty tty . tty . . tty (line editor) tty . tty . tty / tty STTY . type [ -wfpamsS ] name ... whence -v . typeset [ {+|-}AHUaghlmrtux ] [ {+|-}EFLRZip [ n ] ] [ + ] [ name[=value] ... ] typeset -T [ {+|-}Uglrux ] [ {+|-}LRZp [ n ] ] [ + | SCALAR[=value] array[=(value ...)] [ sep ] ] typeset -f [ {+|-}TUkmtuz ] [ + ] [ name ... ] . name . name ( ) (unset) . <> zshparam(1) . . name=value name value . name ( ) TYPESET_TO_UNSET . . TYPESET_SILENT name . name . <<+>> . name . <<+>> <<->> . . (: ) declare export float integer local readonly typeset . <<+=>> GLOB_ASSIGN = ( KSH_TYPESET ). : # Reserved word parsing typeset svar=$(echo one word) avar=(several words) svar avar : svar="one word" avar=(several words) :.PP # builtin typeset svar=$(echo two words) builtin typeset . svar two words . (glob qualifiers) . : var='svar=val' typeset $var svar val . var $var . : typeset {var1,var2,var3}=name typeset . . . `disable -r typeset' typeset `disable typeset' . typeset `typeset -p' . typeset . : # typeset var1=$(exit 1) || echo "Trouble with var1" # typeset var1 && var1=$(exit 1) || echo "Trouble with var1" param typeset -r param readonly param . name +m (array association exported float integer readonly undefined ). +m + . typeset : + `+' ( -f ) ( ) . name . `+' `+' `+' . `typeset -U +' `typeset +U' `typeset -f -U +' . + ( ) `typeset +m "*"'. -g -g ( global) . ( ) . +g -m ( ). -m -m name ( ). ( -f) ( TYPESET_SILENT ). +g -m . -m . name=value +m . -m `typeset -m' `typeset -a +m' . +m . -p [ n ] -p typeset . -H . -p . 1 . . -T [ scalar[=value] array[=(value ...)] [ sep ] ] -f . -T . . ( ) $PATH $path . (:) $PATH. . . ( ). . (unset) . typeset +T scalar array . `typeset -xT ...' `export -T ...' (export) . ( ). -T . export . (-L -R -Z -l -u) `$' . ..PP : -A `Array Parameters' zshparam(1) . -L [ n ] . n . n . . MULTIBYTE . (padding) ${(ml...)...} `Parameter Expansion Flags' zshexpn(1) . (truncate) . . -Z . -R [ n ] -L . -Z . -U ( ) . ( -T ) PATH FIGNORE . `typeset -U PATH path'. -f . -Z [ n ] -L . -R . : . -a . typeset typeset ( ). . -f . -t -T -k -u -U -z . -t -T ( ) -t -T . -u -U -U (alias) . `autoload' . functions typeset -f autoload typeset -fu typeset -fU . -h : ( `' zshparam(1) ) . . `typeset -h PATH' `typeset PATH' PATH . `typeset -h PATH' PATH . `typeset +h special' special -h . ( zsh/mapfile zsh/parameter) -h . -H : typeset `+' . -m . zsh/parameter zsh/mapfile . -h . -i [ n ] (integer). n . ( ) . -E [ n ] (double-precision floating point). . n . -F [ n ] . (fixed-point) . n . -l . . -r (name) . name . POSIX_BUILTINS : . -U -Z . . zsh ( pdksh ) ( ). . -t . . -f . -u . . -f . -x (export) . GLOBAL_EXPORT -g +g . zsh . ulimit [ -HSa ] [ { -bcdfiklmnpqrsTtvwx | -N resource } [ limit ] ... ] . limit `unlimited' `hard' (hard limit) . . -H . -S -H . (-f) . limit . . . . . ulimit -a . -a . -b (: ). -c core dump. -d (data segment). -e nice. -f . -i (pending). -k kqueue . -l (locked-in memory). -m . -n . -o POSIX. -p . -q POSIX. -r (real time priority). NetBSD sh -T . -s (stack). -T . -t CPU . -u . -v . " " (address space) . -w (swapped out memory). -x . -y /fifo. "-N resource" resource . . "ulimit -a" . . . umask [ -S ] [ mask ] umask mask . mask (octal) chmod(1) . mask . -S . . ( ). unalias [ -ams ] name ... . unhash -a -a (global) -s : name . -m ( ) -s -a ( ) unhash -a . -a unalias unhash . unfunction unhash -f . unhash [ -adfms ] name ... name (hash table) . . -a unhash . -s unhash . -f unhash . -d unhash . -m ( ) . unlimit [ -hs ] resource ... resource . -h resource . -s . unlimit . `zmodload -F zsh/rlimits b:unlimit' . unset [ -fmv ] name ... (unset) . . (subscript) name ( noglob ) . -m ( ) . . -v name . . unset -f unfunction . unsetopt [ {+|-}options | {+|-}o option_name ] [ name ... ] . . . -m ( glob ) . vared `Zle Builtins' zshzle(1) ..TP wait [ job ... ] . job . job (process ID) . . job ( POSIX_BUILTINS ) . ( ) . $! . CHILD_MAX . . (wrapping) wait . ( ) . whence [ -vcwfpamsS ] [ -x num ] name ... name . name (alias) (built-in) (hashed command) -- -v -c -w -- . ( .) whence name `/' . -v . -c csh . -v . -w name `name: word' word name hash alias builtin command function hashed reserved none . -v -c . -f -c . -p name alias . -a name . . -m . -m ( ) . PATH . -s . -S -s . . -x num -c (expand). -x functions . where [ -wpmsS ] [ -x num ] name ... whence -ca . which [ -wpamsS ] [ -x num ] name ... whence -c . zcompile [ -U ] [ -z | -k ] [ -R | -M ] file [ name ... ] zcompile -ca [ -m ] [ -R | -M ] file [ name ... ] zcompile -t file [ name ... ] . (parsing) (sourcing) . ( -c -a -t) . file `file.zwc' file . `Autoloading Functions' zshmisc(1) . .zwc <> . name file . file .zwc . <> FPATH/fpath . -c -a file . -c . -a fpath file . -c -a . -c -a KSH_AUTOLOAD . . `zcompile -c' . `zcompile -a' . -m -c -a name . name . fn1() { { ... } >~/logfile } fn1() { ... } >~/logfile . zcompile (autoloadable) . -t . . ( ). name name . : -U name (alias) . -R (memory-mapped -M ) . . autoloadable . -M . . -R -M zcompile . -k -z (autoload) . -z KSH_AUTOLOAD -k KSH_AUTOLOAD . -k -z autoload . KSH_AUTOLOAD . name -k -z . : big-endian small-endian. ( ). zformat `The zsh/zutil Module' zshmodules(1) . zftp `The zsh/zftp Module' zshmodules(1) . zle `Zle Builtins' zshzle(1) . zmodload [ -dL ] [ -s ] [ ... ] zmodload -F [ -alLme -P param ] module [ [+-]feature ... ] zmodload -e [ -A ] [ ... ] zmodload [ -a [ -bcpf [ -I ] ] ] [ -iL ] ... zmodload -u [ -abcdpf [ -I ] ] [ -iL ] ... zmodload -A [ -L ] [ modalias[=module] ... ] zmodload -R modalias ... zsh . (` ') zmodload . . -L zmodload . : zmodload [ -is ] name ... zmodload -u [ -i ] name ... zmodload . name `.so' ( HPUX `.sl') . . zmodload . . -i . name $path $module_path . `/' ( ) . . ( ) zmodload . zmodload . -s ( ). . . -u zmodload (unload) . name . -i ( ) . boot cleanup . boot . cleanup . zmodload -F [ -almLe -P param ] module [ [+-]feature ... ] zmodload -F . -F module feature . feature . + - + . . ( ) . (builtins) (conditions) `b:' `c:' (`C:' infix) `p:' `f:' . `b:strftime' strftime `p:EPOCHSECONDS' EPOCHSECONDS . ( `abstract') . -l -L . -l . -L zmodload -F . -lL zmodload -F . -P param param ( -L ) ..PP -L zmodload -F . -l . -l -L . + - . . -e . . + - . . -m . + - . -a . -a . + . - . -l -L . . `zmodload -Fa module -feature' . . . . zmodload -Fa . zmodload -Fa -l -L -e -P . -L -l . zmodload -FaL . . zmodload -d [ -L ] [ name ] zmodload -d name dep ... zmodload -ud name [ dep ... ] -d . . -d . -d . Makefile . -L zmodload -d . -d -u . . zmodload -ab [ -L ] zmodload -ab [ -i ] name [ builtin ... ] zmodload -ub [ -i ] builtin ... -ab . builtin . ( `zmodload -F -a' ). name . -i . -ab ( ) . -L zmodload -a . -b -u -ab . . ( ) -i . `zmodload -ub builtin' . zmodload -ac [ -IL ] zmodload -ac [ -iI ] name [ cond ... ] zmodload -uc [ -iI ] cond ... -ac . cond . -I . . ( -L zmodload). -uc . zmodload -ap [ -L ] zmodload -ap [ -i ] name [ parameter ... ] zmodload -up [ -i ] parameter ... -p -b -c zmodload . zmodload -af [ -L ] zmodload -af [ -i ] name [ function ... ] zmodload -uf [ -i ] function ... -f -b -p -c zmodload . zmodload -a [ -L ] zmodload -a [ -i ] name [ builtin ... ] zmodload -ua [ -i ] builtin ... -ab -ub. zmodload -e [ -A ] [ string ... ] -e -A . string string . . (resolve) -A . zmodload -A [ -L ] [ modalias[=module] ... ] modalias module modalias module . modalias zmodload module . module modalias . . -L zmodload . : zmodload -R . ( ) () . : . <> . . . . zmodload . <> . zmodload -R modalias ... modalias zmodload -A . . zsh (link ) . ( /autoload ). . zparseopts <> zshmodules(1) . zprof <> zshmodules(1) . zpty <> zshmodules(1) . zregexparse <> zshmodules(1) . zsocket <> zshmodules(1) . zstyle <> zshmodules(1) . ztcp <> zshmodules(1) . zsh 5.9.2 July 12, 2026 ZSHBUILTINS(1)