terminfo(5) Formate de fiiere terminfo(5) NUME terminfo - baza de date privind capacitaile terminalelor SINOPSIS /usr/share/terminfo/*/* DESCRIERE terminfo este o baza de date care descrie terminalele, utilizata de programele orientate catre ecran, precum nvi(1), lynx(1), mutt(1) i alte aplicaii curses, prin apeluri de nivel inalt catre biblioteci precum curses(3X). De asemenea, este utilizata prin apeluri de nivel inferior de catre aplicaii non-curses care pot fi orientate catre ecran (cum ar fi clear(1)) sau non-ecran (cum ar fi tabs(1)). Terminfo descrie terminalele prin prezentarea unui set de capacitai pe care le dein, prin specificarea modului de efectuare a operaiilor pe ecran, precum i prin specificarea cerinelor de completare i a secvenelor de iniializare. Acest document descrie ncurses versiunea 6.6 (patch 20251230). Sintaxa intrarilor terminfo Intrarile din terminfo sunt alcatuite dintr-o succesiune de campuri: o Fiecare camp se incheie cu o virgula ,,," (virgulele incluse pot fi eludate cu o bara oblica inversa sau scrise ca ,,\054"). o Spaiul alb dintre campuri este ignorat. o Primul camp dintr-o intrare terminfo incepe in prima coloana. o Liniile noi i spaiile de la inceputul randului (spaii sau tabulatoare) pot fi utilizate pentru formatarea intrarilor, in scopul imbunatairii lizibilitaii. Acestea sunt eliminate din intrarile analizate. Opiunile infocmp, -f i -W se bazeaza pe aceasta pentru a formata expresiile de tip ,,if-then-else" sau pentru a impune o laime maxima a liniei. Descrierea terminalului formatata astfel poate fi citita de tic. o Primul camp pentru fiecare terminal conine numele cunoscute ale terminalului, separate prin caractere ,,|". Primul nume specificat este cea mai uzuala abreviere a terminalului (denumirea sa principala), ultimul nume specificat trebuie sa fie o denumire completa care identifica terminalul (vezi longname(3X)), iar toate celelalte sunt considerate sinonime (alias) pentru denumirea principala a terminalului. X/Open Curses recomanda ca toate numele, cu excepia celui din urma, sa fie scrise cu litere mici i sa nu conina spaii; ultimul nume poate conine litere mari i spaii, pentru o mai buna lizibilitate. Aceasta implementare nu este atat de stricta; permite utilizarea majusculelor i minusculelor in numele principal i in alias. Daca numele nu conine spaii, acesta poate fi atat un alias, cat i un nume complet (insa va afia un avertisment cu privire la aceasta ambiguitate). o Liniile care incep cu ,,#" in prima coloana sunt considerate comentarii. Dei liniile de comentarii sunt valabile in orice punct, rezultatul comenzilor captoinfo i infotocap (nume-alias pentru tic) va muta comentariile astfel incat acestea sa apara numai intre intrari. Numele terminalelor (cu excepia ultimei intrari, cea detaliata) trebuie alese respectand urmatoarele convenii. Dispozitivul hardware care constituie terminalul trebuie sa aiba un nume de baza, de exemplu ,,hp2621". Acest nume nu trebuie sa conina cratime. Modurile in care poate fi hardware-ul sau preferinele utilizatorului ar trebui indicate prin adaugarea unei cratime i a unui sufix de mod. Astfel, un vt100 in modul de 132 de coloane ar fi vt100-w. Urmatoarele sufixe ar trebui utilizate acolo unde este posibil: Sufix Exemplu Semnificaie ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -nn aaa-60 Numarul de linii de pe ecranul terminalului -np c100-4p Numarul de pagini din memorie -am vt100-am Cu margini automate (in mod normal, implicit) -m ansi-m Modul monocolor: suprima suportul pentru culori -mc wy30-mc Cookie magic; spaii la evideniere -na c100-na Fara tastele sageata (lasai-le in local) -nam vt100-nam Fara margini automate -nl hp2621-nl Fara linie de stare -ns hp2626-ns Fara linie de stare -rv c100-rv Video invers (negru pe alb) -s vt100-s Activeaza linia de stare -vb wy370-vb Utilizeaza un clopoel vizibil (flash) in loc de semnal sonor -w vt100-w Modul lat (> 80 de coloane, de obicei 132) Pentru mai multe informaii despre conveniile de denumire a terminalelor, consultai pagina de manual term(7). Sintaxa capacitailor terminfo Intrarea terminfo este alcatuita din mai multe capabilities -- capacitai, adica funcionalitai de care dispune terminalul sau metode de utilizare a acestor funcionalitai. Dupa primul camp (care conine numele intrarii de terminal), ar trebui sa urmeze unul sau mai multe campuri de tip capacitate. Acestea sunt valori booleene, numerice sau nume de tip ir de caractere, insoite de valorile corespunzatoare: o Capacitaile booleene sunt adevarate atunci cand sunt prezente i false atunci cand lipsesc. Nu exista o valoare explicita pentru capacitaile booleene. o Capacitaile numerice sunt urmate de ,,#" dupa nume, apoi de o valoare intreaga zecimala fara semn. o Capacitaile de tip ir sunt urmate de ,,=" dupa nume, apoi de un ir de caractere care constituie valoarea capacitaii. irurile capacitailor pot fi imparite pe mai multe randuri, la fel cum campurile care alcatuiesc o intrare de terminal pot fi imparite pe mai multe randuri. Dei spaiile dintre campuri sunt ignorate, spaiile incluse in valoarea unui ir sunt pastrate, cu excepia spaiilor de la inceputul unui rand. Orice capacitate poate fi anulata, adica eliminata din intrarea terminalului, prin adaugarea simbolului ,,@" dupa numele acesteia, in loc de o valoare a capacitaii. Terminale similare Daca exista doua terminale foarte asemanatoare, unul dintre ele (varianta) poate fi definit ca fiind identic cu celalalt (terminalul de baza), cu anumite excepii. In definiia variantei, capacitatea de ir use poate fi specificata cu numele terminalului de baza: o Capacitaile specificate inainte de use le inlocuiesc pe cele din tipul de baza denumit use. o Daca exista mai multe capacitai use, acestea sunt combinate in ordine inversa. Adica, referina use situata cel mai la dreapta este procesata prima, apoi cea din stanga acesteia i aa mai departe. o Capacitaile specificate in mod explicit in intrare au prioritate faa de cele introduse prin referinele use. O capacitate poate fi anulata prin plasarea lui xx@ in stanga referinei de utilizare care o importa, unde xx reprezinta capacitatea. De exemplu, intrarea 2621-nl, smkx@, rmkx@, use=2621, definete un terminal 2621-nl care nu dispune de capacitaile smkx sau rmkx i, prin urmare, nu activeaza etichetele tastelor funcionale in modul vizual. Aceasta opiune este utila pentru diferite moduri de funcionare ale terminalului sau pentru diferite preferine ale utilizatorului. O intrare inclusa prin use poate conine capacitai anulate, care au acelai efect ca i cum acele anulari ar fi fost incluse direct in intrarea utilizarii terminalului. Capacitai standard Tabelele de capacitai pe care ncurses le recunoate intr-o descriere a tipului de terminal terminfo i disponibile pentru codul care utilizeaza terminfo sunt urmatoarele. o Numele capacitaii identifica simbolul prin care programatorul care utilizeaza API-ul terminfo acceseaza capacitatea. o Codul TI (terminfo) este denumirea scurta utilizata de persoana care creeaza sau actualizeaza o intrare de tip terminal. Pe cat posibil, aceste coduri sunt identice sau similare cu cele din standardul ANSI X3.64-1979 (inlocuit in prezent de ECMA-48, care utilizeaza denumiri identice sau foarte similare). De asemenea, se urmarete ca semantica sa corespunda cu cea din specificaie. Codurile terminfo nu au o limita stricta de lungime, dar ncurses menine o limita neoficiala de 5 caractere pentru a le menine scurte i pentru a permite alinierea corespunzatoare a tabulatoarelor din fiierul sursa Caps; (unele coduri standard depaesc totui aceasta limita). o Codul TC (termcap) este cel utilizat de API-ul corespunzator al %ncurses; (unele capacitai sunt noi i au denumiri care nu provin din termcap BSD). o Campul de descriere incearca sa transmita semantica capacitaii. Campul de descriere utilizeaza o serie de notaii. (P) indica faptul ca poate fi specificata o umplutura. (P*) indica faptul ca umplutura poate varia proporional cu numarul de linii de ieire afectate. #i indica al i-lea parametru al unei capacitai de ir; programatorul trebuie sa paseze irul catre tparm(3X) cu parametrii enumerai. Daca descrierea nu menioneaza niciun parametru, transmiterea irului catre tparm(3X) poate duce la un comportament neateptat, de exemplu daca irul conine semne de procent. Cod Nume capacitate booleana TI TC Descriere --------------------------------------------------------------------- auto_left_margin bw bw cub1 se incadreaza de la coloana 0 pana la ultima auto_right_margin am am terminalul are margini automate no_esc_ctlc xsb xb beehive (f1=escape, f2=ctrl C) ceol_standout_glitch xhp xs ieirea standard care nu este tearsa prin suprascriere (hp) eat_newline_glitch xenl xn linie noua ignorata dupa 80 de coloane (concept) erase_overstrike eo eo poate terge suprascrierile cu un spaiu in alb generic_type gn gn tip de linie generica hard_copy hc hc terminal ,,hard-copy" (terminal-imprimanta) has_meta_key km km are o meta-tasta (adica, stabilete al 8-lea bit) has_status_line hs hs are o linie de stare suplimentara insert_null_glitch in in modul de inserare distinge nulurile memory_above da da afiajul poate fi reinut deasupra ecranului memory_below db db afiajul poate fi reinut sub ecran move_insert_mode mir mi deplasare in sigurana in modul de inserare move_standout_mode msgr ms deplasare sigura in timp ce se afla in modul ,,standout" over_strike os os terminalul poate suprascrie textul (overstrike) status_line_esc_ok eslok es eludarea poate fi utilizata in linia de stare dest_tabs_magic_smso xt xt tabulatoare distructive, magie deci de caracter (t1061) tilde_glitch hz hz nu poate imprima caracterele ,,~" (Hazeltine) transparent_underline ul ul caracterul subliniat se suprascrie xon_xoff xon xo terminalul utilizeaza negocierea xon/xoff needs_xon_xoff nxon nx umplerea nu va funciona, este necesar xon/xoff prtr_silent mc5i 5i imprimanta nu va avea ecou (textul nu va fi afiat) pe ecran hard_cursor chts HC cursorul este greu de vazut non_rev_rmcup nrrmc NR smcup nu inverseaza rmcup no_pad_char npc NP caracterul de umplutura ,,pad" nu exista non_dest_scroll_region ndscr ND derularea regiunii este nedistructiva can_change ccc cc terminalul poate redefini culorile existente back_color_erase bce ut ecran ters cu culoarea de fundal hue_lightness_saturation hls hl terminalul utilizeaza numai notarea culorilor HLS (Tektronix) col_addr_glitch xhpa YA numai micare pozitiva pentru capacitaile hpa/mhpa cr_cancels_micro_mode crxm YB utilizarea ,,cr" dezactiveaza modul micro has_print_wheel daisy YC imprimanta necesita un operator pentru a schimba setul de caractere row_addr_glitch xvpa YD numai micare pozitiva pentru capacitaile vpa/mvpa semi_auto_right_margin sam YE imprimarea in ultima coloana provoaca ,,cr" (retur de carucior) cpi_changes_res cpix YF schimbarea inalimii (pitch) caracterului schimba rezoluia lpi_changes_res lpix YG schimbarea inalimii (pitch) liniei schimba rezoluia Cod Nume capacitate numerica TI TC Descriere --------------------------------------------------------------------- columns cols co numarul de coloane intr-o linie init_tabs it it incepere tabulatoare (tabs initially) la fiecare # spaii lines lines li numarul de linii de pe ecran sau pagina lines_of_memory lm lm linii de memorie daca > 1 linie. 0 inseamna ca variaza magic_cookie_glitch xmc sg numarul de spaii lasate de smso sau rmso padding_baud_rate pb pb cea mai mica viteza de transmisie (rata baud) cand este necesara umplerea virtual_terminal vt vt numarul terminalului virtual (CB/unix) width_status_line wsl ws numarul de coloane din linia de stare num_labels nlab Nl numarul de etichete pe ecran label_height lh lh randuri in fiecare eticheta label_width lw lw coloane in fiecare eticheta max_attributes ma ma numarul maxim de atribute combinate pe care terminalul le poate gestiona maximum_windows wnum MW numarul maxim de ferestre definibile max_colors colors Co numarul maxim de culori pe ecran max_pairs pairs pa numarul maxim de perechi de culori pe ecran no_color_video ncv NC atribute video care nu pot fi utilizate cu culori Urmatoarele capacitai numerice sunt prezente in structura de termeni SVr4.0, dar nu sunt inca documentate in pagina de manual. Acestea au fost introduse odata cu suportul pentru imprimante din SVr4. Cod Nume capacitate numerica TI TC Descriere --------------------------------------------------------------------- buffer_capacity bufsz Ya numarul de octei stocai in memoria tampon inainte de imprimare dot_vert_spacing spinv Yb distana dintre pini pe verticala in pini pe inch dot_horz_spacing spinh Yc distana dintre puncte pe orizontala in puncte pe inch max_micro_address maddr Yd valoarea maxima in micro_..._adress max_micro_jump mjump Ye valoarea maxima in parm_..._micro micro_col_size mcs Yf dimensiunea pasului (treptei) de caracter in modul micro micro_line_size mls Yg dimensiunea pasului (treptei) de linie modul micro number_of_pins npins Yh numarul de pini din capul de imprimare output_res_char orc Yi rezoluia orizontala in unitai per linie output_res_line orl Yj rezoluia verticala in unitai per linie output_res_horz_inch orhi Yk rezoluia orizontala in unitai per inch output_res_vert_inch orvi Yl rezoluia verticala in unitai per inch print_rate cps Ym afieaza rata de transmisie in caractere pe secunda wide_char_size widcs Yn dimensiunea pasului (treptei) de caracter in modul de laime dubla buttons btns BT numarul de butoane ale mouse-ului bit_image_entwining bitwin Yo numarul de treceri pentru fiecare rand al imaginii de bii bit_image_type bitype Yp tipul de dispozitiv al imaginii de bii Cod Numele capacitaii de tip ir TI TC Descriere --------------------------------------------------------------------- back_tab cbt bt tabulator inapoi (P) bell bel bl semnal audibil (clopoel) (P) carriage_return cr cr retur de carucior (P*) (P*) change_scroll_region csr cs schimba regiunea de la linia #1 la linia #2 (P) clear_all_tabs tbc ct terge toate opririle de tabulare ,,tab stops" (P) clear_screen clear cl terge ecranul i cursorul de pornire (P*) clr_eol el ce terge pana la sfaritul liniei (P) clr_eos ed cd terge pana la sfaritul ecranului (P*) column_address hpa ch poziia orizontala #1, absoluta (P) command_character cmdch CC caracter cmd definibil de terminal in prototip !? cursor_address cup cm trece la randul nr.1 coloana nr.2 cursor_down cud1 do o linie mai jos cursor_home home ho cursorul la punctul iniial (daca nu exista cup) cursor_invisible civis vi face cursorul invizibil cursor_left cub1 le muta la stanga cu un spaiu cursor_mem_address mrcup CM adresarea relativa a cursorului in memorie, muta la randul nr.1 coloana nr.2 cursor_normal cnorm ve face cursorul sa apara normal (anuleaza civis/cvvis) cursor_right cuf1 nd spaiu nedistructiv (mutare la dreapta cu un spaiu) cursor_to_ll ll ll prima linie, prima coloana (daca nu exista ,,cup") cursor_up cuu1 up in sus cu o linie cursor_visible cvvis vs face cursorul foarte vizibil delete_character dch1 dc terge caracter (P*) delete_line dl1 dl terge linia (P*) dis_status_line dsl ds dezactiveaza linia de stare down_half_line hd hd o jumatate de linie mai jos enter_alt_charset_mode smacs as trece la setul de caractere alternativ (P) enter_blink_mode blink mb activeaza clipirea enter_bold_mode bold md activeaza modul aldin (foarte luminos) enter_ca_mode smcup ti ir pentru a porni programe folosind cup enter_delete_mode smdc dm intra in modul de tergere enter_dim_mode dim mh activeaza modul semiluminos enter_insert_mode smir im intra in modul de inserare enter_secure_mode invis mk activeaza modul invizibil (caractere invizibile) enter_protected_mode prot mp activeaza modul protejat enter_reverse_mode rev mr activeaza modul video invers (inverseaza culorile a caracterelor cu a fundalului) enter_standout_mode smso so intra in modul fara spaiu (standout) enter_underline_mode smul us intra in modul de subliniere erase_chars ech ec terge #1 caractere (P) exit_alt_charset_mode rmacs ae trece la setul de caractere normal (parasete setul alternativ) (P) exit_attribute_mode sgr0 me dezactiveaza toate atributele exit_ca_mode rmcup te ir pentru a termina programe folosind cup exit_delete_mode rmdc ed iese din modul de tergere exit_insert_mode rmir ei iese din modul de inserare exit_standout_mode rmso se iese din modul fara spaiu (standout) exit_underline_mode rmul ue iese din modul de subliniere flash_screen flash vb clopoel vizibil (nu poate muta cursorul) form_feed ff ff ejectare pagina a terminalului-imprimanta ,,hardcopy terminal" (P*) from_status_line fsl fs revenire de la linia de stare init_1string is1 i1 ir de iniializare init_2string is2 is ir de iniializare init_3string is3 i3 ir de iniializare init_file if if numele fiierului de iniializare insert_character ich1 ic insereaza un caracter (P) insert_line il1 al insereaza o linie (P*) insert_padding ip ip insereaza umplutura dupa caracterul inserat key_backspace kbs kb tasta backspace (retrocedare) key_catab ktbc ka tasta terge toate tabulatoarele (clear-all-tabs) key_clear kclr kC tasta de tergere a ecranului sau tasta de tergere key_ctab kctab kt tasta terge-tabulator key_dc kdch1 kD tasta terge-caracter key_dl kdl1 kL tasta terge-linie key_down kcud1 kd tasta sageata-jos key_eic krmir kM trimis de rmir sau smir in modul inserare key_eol kel kE tasta de tergere la sfarit de linie key_eos ked kS tasta de tergere la sfaritul ecranului key_f0 kf0 k0 tasta de funcie F0 key_f1 kf1 k1 tasta de funcie F1 key_f10 kf10 k; tasta de funcie F10 key_f2 kf2 k2 tasta de funcie F2 key_f3 kf3 k3 tasta de funcie F3 key_f4 kf4 k4 tasta de funcie F4 key_f5 kf5 k5 tasta de funcie F5 key_f6 kf6 k6 tasta de funcie F6 key_f7 kf7 k7 tasta de funcie F7 key_f8 kf8 k8 tasta de funcie F8 key_f9 kf9 k9 tasta de funcie F9 key_home khome kh tasta <> (la inceput) key_ic kich1 kI tasta inserare-caracter key_il kil1 kA tasta inserare-linie key_left kcub1 kl tasta sageata-stanga key_ll kll kH tasta din stanga jos (home down) key_npage knp kN tasta pagina-urmatoare key_ppage kpp kP tasta pagina-anterioara key_right kcuf1 kr tasta sageata-dreapta key_sf kind kF tasta de derulare inainte key_sr kri kR tasta de derulare inapoi key_stab khts kT tasta de configurare a tabulatorului (set-tab key) key_up kcuu1 ku tasta sageata-sus keypad_local rmkx ke ieire din modul de transmitere a tastaturii numerice keypad_xmit smkx ks intrare in modul de transmitere a tastaturii numerice lab_f0 lf0 l0 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f0 daca nu este f0 lab_f1 lf1 l1 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f1 daca nu este f1 lab_f10 lf10 la eticheta pe tasta de funcie f10 daca nu este f10 lab_f2 lf2 l2 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f2 daca nu este f2 lab_f3 lf3 l3 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f3 daca nu este f3 lab_f4 lf4 l4 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f4 daca nu este f4 lab_f5 lf5 l5 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f5 daca nu este f5 lab_f6 lf6 l6 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f6 daca nu este f6 lab_f7 lf7 l7 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f7 daca nu este f7 lab_f8 lf8 l8 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f8 daca nu este f8 lab_f9 lf9 l9 eticheta pe tasta de funcie f9 daca nu este f9 meta_off rmm mo dezactiveaza modul meta meta_on smm mm activeaza modul meta (bitul al 8-lea activat) newline nel nw linie noua (se comporta ca cr urmat de lf) pad_char pad pc caracter de umplere (in loc de null) parm_dch dch DC terge #1 caractere (P*) parm_delete_line dl DL terge #1 linii (P*) parm_down_cursor cud DO in jos #1 linii (P*) parm_ich ich IC insereaza #1 caractere (P*) parm_index indn SF deruleaza inainte #1 linii (P) parm_insert_line il AL insereaza #1 linii (P*) parm_left_cursor cub LE muta #1 caractere la stanga (P*) parm_right_cursor cuf RI muta #1 caractere la dreapta (P*) parm_rindex rin SR deruleaza inapoi #1 linii (P) parm_up_cursor cuu UP in sus #1 linii (P*) pkey_key pfkey pk programeaza tasta de funcii #1 pentru a introduce irul #2 pkey_local pfloc pl programeaza tasta de funcii #1 pentru a executa irul #2 pkey_xmit pfx px programeaza tasta de funcii #1 pentru a transmite irul #2 print_screen mc0 ps imprima coninutul ecranului prtr_off mc4 pf oprete imprimanta prtr_on mc5 po pornte imprimanta repeat_char rep rp repeta caracterul #1 de #2 ori (P*) reset_1string rs1 r1 irul de reiniializare reset_2string rs2 r2 irul de reiniializare reset_3string rs3 r3 irul de reiniializare reset_file rf rf numele fiierului de reiniializare restore_cursor rc rc readuce cursorul la poziia din momentul ultimei salvari a cursorului (save_cursor) row_address vpa cv poziia verticala #1, absoluta (P) save_cursor sc sc salveaza poziia curenta a cursorului (P) scroll_forward ind sf deruleaza textul in sus (P) scroll_reverse ri sr deruleaza textul in jos (P) set_attributes sgr sa definete atributele video #1-#9 (PG9) set_tab hts st stabilete un tabulator in fiecare rand, coloanele curente set_window wind wi fereastra curenta cuprinde randurile #1-#2 i coloanele #3-#4 tab ht ta muta cursorul la urmatorul punct de oprire (tab) prestabilit la fiecare 8 spaii(coloane) to_status_line tsl ts muta cursorul la linia de stare, coloana #1 underline_char uc uc subliniaza caracterul i trece mai departe up_half_line hu hu o jumatate de linie mai sus init_prog iprog iP numele rutei catre programul de iniializare key_a1 ka1 K1 tasta din stanga sus <> a tastaturii numerice key_a3 ka3 K3 tasta din dreapta jos <> a tastaturii numerice key_b2 kb2 K2 tasta din mijlocul tastaturii numerice <<5>> key_c1 kc1 K4 tasta din stanga jos <> a tastaturii numerice key_c3 kc3 K5 tasta din dreapta jos <> a tastaturii numerice prtr_non mc5p pO pornte imprimanta pentru #1 octei char_padding rmp rP la fel ca ,,ip", dar in modul de inserare acs_chars acsc ac perechi de caractere grafice (precum aA, bB, cC), bazate pe vt100 plab_norm pln pn eticheta programului #1 pentru a afia irul #2 key_btab kcbt kB tasta ,,back-tab" (Shift+Tab) enter_xon_mode smxon SX activeaza negocierea xon/xoff exit_xon_mode rmxon RX dezactiveaza negocierea xon/xoff enter_am_mode smam SA activeaza marginile automate exit_am_mode rmam RA dezactiveaza marginile automate xon_character xonc XN caracterul XON xoff_character xoffc XF caracterul XOFF ena_acs enacs eA activeaza setul de caractere alternativ label_on smln LO turn on soft labels label_off rmln LF turn off soft labels key_beg kbeg @1 tata start/Home key_cancel kcan @2 tasta de anulare/Cancel key_close kclo @3 tasta de inchidere key_command kcmd @4 tasta de comanda key_copy kcpy @5 tasta de copiere key_create kcrt @6 create key key_end kend @7 end key key_enter kent @8 enter/send key key_exit kext @9 exit key key_find kfnd @0 find key key_help khlp %1 help key key_mark kmrk %2 mark key key_message kmsg %3 message key key_move kmov %4 move key key_next knxt %5 next key key_open kopn %6 open key key_options kopt %7 options key key_previous kprv %8 previous key key_print kprt %9 print key key_redo krdo %0 redo key key_reference kref &1 reference key key_refresh krfr &2 refresh key key_replace krpl &3 replace key key_restart krst &4 restart key key_resume kres &5 resume key key_save ksav &6 save key key_suspend kspd &7 suspend key key_undo kund &8 undo key key_sbeg kBEG &9 shifted begin key key_scancel kCAN &0 shifted cancel key key_scommand kCMD *1 shifted command key key_scopy kCPY *2 shifted copy key key_screate kCRT *3 shifted create key key_sdc kDC *4 shifted delete-character key key_sdl kDL *5 shifted delete-line key key_select kslt *6 select key key_send kEND *7 shifted end key key_seol kEOL *8 shifted clear-to-end-of-line key key_sexit kEXT *9 shifted exit key key_sfind kFND *0 shifted find key key_shelp kHLP #1 shifted help key key_shome kHOM #2 shifted home key key_sic kIC #3 shifted insert-character key key_sleft kLFT #4 shifted left-arrow key key_smessage kMSG %a shifted message key key_smove kMOV %b shifted move key key_snext kNXT %c shifted next key key_soptions kOPT %d shifted options key key_sprevious kPRV %e shifted previous key key_sprint kPRT %f shifted print key key_sredo kRDO %g shifted redo key key_sreplace kRPL %h shifted replace key key_sright kRIT %i shifted right-arrow key key_srsume kRES %j shifted resume key key_ssave kSAV !1 shifted save key key_ssuspend kSPD !2 shifted suspend key key_sundo kUND !3 shifted undo key req_for_input rfi RF send next input char (for ptys) key_f11 kf11 F1 tasta de funcie F11 key_f12 kf12 F2 tasta de funcie F12 key_f13 kf13 F3 tasta de funcie F13 key_f14 kf14 F4 tasta de funcie F14 key_f15 kf15 F5 tasta de funcie F15 key_f16 kf16 F6 tasta de funcie F16 key_f17 kf17 F7 tasta de funcie F17 key_f18 kf18 F8 tasta de funcie F18 key_f19 kf19 F9 tasta de funcie F19 key_f20 kf20 FA tasta de funcie F20 key_f21 kf21 FB tasta de funcie F21 key_f22 kf22 FC tasta de funcie F22 key_f23 kf23 FD tasta de funcie F23 key_f24 kf24 FE tasta de funcie F24 key_f25 kf25 FF tasta de funcie F25 key_f26 kf26 FG tasta de funcie F26 key_f27 kf27 FH tasta de funcie F27 key_f28 kf28 FI tasta de funcie F28 key_f29 kf29 FJ tasta de funcie F29 key_f30 kf30 FK tasta de funcie F30 key_f31 kf31 FL tasta de funcie F31 key_f32 kf32 FM tasta de funcie F32 key_f33 kf33 FN tasta de funcie F33 key_f34 kf34 FO tasta de funcie F34 key_f35 kf35 FP tasta de funcie F35 key_f36 kf36 FQ tasta de funcie F36 key_f37 kf37 FR tasta de funcie F37 key_f38 kf38 FS tasta de funcie F38 key_f39 kf39 FT tasta de funcie F39 key_f40 kf40 FU tasta de funcie F40 key_f41 kf41 FV tasta de funcie F41 key_f42 kf42 FW tasta de funcie F42 key_f43 kf43 FX tasta de funcie F43 key_f44 kf44 FY tasta de funcie F44 key_f45 kf45 FZ tasta de funcie F45 key_f46 kf46 Fa tasta de funcie F46 key_f47 kf47 Fb tasta de funcie F47 key_f48 kf48 Fc tasta de funcie F48 key_f49 kf49 Fd tasta de funcie F49 key_f50 kf50 Fe tasta de funcie F50 key_f51 kf51 Ff tasta de funcie F51 key_f52 kf52 Fg tasta de funcie F52 key_f53 kf53 Fh tasta de funcie F53 key_f54 kf54 Fi tasta de funcie F54 key_f55 kf55 Fj tasta de funcie F55 key_f56 kf56 Fk tasta de funcie F56 key_f57 kf57 Fl tasta de funcie F57 key_f58 kf58 Fm tasta de funcie F58 key_f59 kf59 Fn tasta de funcie F59 key_f60 kf60 Fo tasta de funcie F60 key_f61 kf61 Fp tasta de funcie F61 key_f62 kf62 Fq tasta de funcie F62 key_f63 kf63 Fr tasta de funcie F63 clr_bol el1 cb Clear to beginning of line clear_margins mgc MC clear right and left soft margins set_left_margin smgl ML set left soft margin at current column (not in BSD termcap) set_right_margin smgr MR set right soft margin at current column label_format fln Lf label format set_clock sclk SC set clock, #1 hrs #2 mins #3 secs display_clock dclk DK display clock remove_clock rmclk RC remove clock create_window cwin CW define a window #1 from #2,#3 to #4,#5 goto_window wingo WG go to window #1 hangup hup HU hang-up phone dial_phone dial DI dial number #1 quick_dial qdial QD dial number #1 without checking tone tone TO select touch tone dialing pulse pulse PU select pulse dialing flash_hook hook fh flash switch hook fixed_pause pause PA pause for 2-3 seconds wait_tone wait WA wait for dial-tone user0 u0 u0 irul nr.0 al utilizatorului user1 u1 u1 irul nr.1 al utilizatorului user2 u2 u2 irul nr.2 al utilizatorului user3 u3 u3 irul nr.3 al utilizatorului user4 u4 u4 irul nr.4 al utilizatorului user5 u5 u5 irul nr.5 al utilizatorului user6 u6 u6 irul nr.6 al utilizatorului user7 u7 u7 irul nr.7 al utilizatorului user8 u8 u8 irul nr.8 al utilizatorului user9 u9 u9 irul nr.9 al utilizatorului orig_pair op op Set default pair to its original value orig_colors oc oc Set all color pairs to the original ones initialize_color initc Ic initialize color #1 to (#2,#3,#4) initialize_pair initp Ip Initialize color pair #1 to fg=(#2,#3,#4), bg=(#5,#6,#7) set_color_pair scp sp Set current color pair to #1 set_foreground setf Sf Set foreground color #1 set_background setb Sb Set background color #1 change_char_pitch cpi ZA Change number of characters per inch to #1 change_line_pitch lpi ZB Change number of lines per inch to #1 change_res_horz chr ZC Change horizontal resolution to #1 change_res_vert cvr ZD Change vertical resolution to #1 define_char defc ZE Define a character #1, #2 dots wide, descender #3 enter_doublewide_mode swidm ZF Enter double-wide mode enter_draft_quality sdrfq ZG Enter draft-quality mode enter_italics_mode sitm ZH Enter italic mode enter_leftward_mode slm ZI Start leftward carriage motion enter_micro_mode smicm ZJ Start micro-motion mode enter_near_letter_quality snlq ZK Enter NLQ mode enter_normal_quality snrmq ZL Enter normal-quality mode enter_shadow_mode sshm ZM Enter shadow-print mode enter_subscript_mode ssubm ZN Enter subscript mode enter_superscript_mode ssupm ZO Enter superscript mode enter_upward_mode sum ZP Start upward carriage motion exit_doublewide_mode rwidm ZQ End double-wide mode exit_italics_mode ritm ZR End italic mode exit_leftward_mode rlm ZS End left-motion mode exit_micro_mode rmicm ZT End micro-motion mode exit_shadow_mode rshm ZU End shadow-print mode exit_subscript_mode rsubm ZV End subscript mode exit_superscript_mode rsupm ZW End superscript mode exit_upward_mode rum ZX End reverse character motion micro_column_address mhpa ZY Like column_address in micro mode micro_down mcud1 ZZ Like cursor_down in micro mode micro_left mcub1 Za Like cursor_left in micro mode micro_right mcuf1 Zb Like cursor_right in micro mode micro_row_address mvpa Zc Like row_address #1 in micro mode micro_up mcuu1 Zd Like cursor_up in micro mode order_of_pins porder Ze Match software bits to print-head pins parm_down_micro mcud Zf Like parm_down_cursor in micro mode parm_left_micro mcub Zg Like parm_left_cursor in micro mode parm_right_micro mcuf Zh Like parm_right_cursor in micro mode parm_up_micro mcuu Zi Like parm_up_cursor in micro mode select_char_set scs Zj Select character set, #1 set_bottom_margin smgb Zk Set bottom margin at current line set_bottom_margin_parm smgbp Zl Set bottom margin at line #1 or (if smgtp is not given) #2 lines from bottom set_left_margin_parm smglp Zm Set left (right) margin at column #1 set_right_margin_parm smgrp Zn Set right margin at column #1 set_top_margin smgt Zo Set top margin at current line set_top_margin_parm smgtp Zp Set top (bottom) margin at row #1 start_bit_image sbim Zq Start printing bit image graphics start_char_set_def scsd Zr Start character set definition #1, with #2 characters in the set stop_bit_image rbim Zs Stop printing bit image graphics stop_char_set_def rcsd Zt End definition of character set #1 subscript_characters subcs Zu List of subscriptable characters superscript_characters supcs Zv List of superscriptable characters these_cause_cr docr Zw Printing any of these characters causes CR zero_motion zerom Zx No motion for subsequent character Urmatoarele capacitai ale irurilor de caractere sunt prezente in structura termenilor SVr4.0, dar iniial nu erau documentate in pagina de manual. Cod Numele capacitaii de tip ir TI TC Descriere --------------------------------------------------------------------- char_set_names csnm Zy Produce elementul al #1-lea din lista de nume de seturi de caractere key_mouse kmous Km A avut loc un eveniment al mouse-ului mouse_info minfo Mi Informaii despre starea mouse-ului req_mouse_pos reqmp RQ Solicita poziia mouse-ului get_mouse getm Gm Curses ar trebui sa primeasca evenimente de buton, parametrul #1 nu este documentat. set_a_foreground setaf AF Stabilete culoarea de prim-plan la #1, folosind eludarea ANSI set_a_background setab AB Stabilete culoarea de fundal la #1, folosind eludarea ANSI pkey_plab pfxl xl Programeaza tasta de funcii #1 pentru a introduce irul #2 i a afia irul #3 device_type devt dv Indica limba, suportul pentru setul de coduri code_set_init csin ci Secvena de iniializare pentru mai multe seturi de coduri set0_des_seq s0ds s0 Trece la setul de coduri 0 (setul EUC 0, ASCII) set1_des_seq s1ds s1 Trece la setul de coduri 1 set2_des_seq s2ds s2 Trece la setul de coduri 2 set3_des_seq s3ds s3 Trece la setul de coduri 3 set_lr_margin smglr ML Stabilete marginile stanga i dreapta la #1, #2. (ML nu se afla in BSD termcap). set_tb_margin smgtb MT Stabilete marginile de sus i de jos la #1, #2 bit_image_repeat birep Xy Repeta celula de imagine pe bii #1 de #2 ori bit_image_newline binel Zz Muta la randul urmator al imaginii pe bii bit_image_carriage_return bicr Yv Muta la inceputul aceluiai rand color_names colornm Yw Specifica numele culorii #1 define_bit_image_region defbi Yx Definete regiunea rectangulara a imaginii pe bii end_bit_image_region endbi Yy Termina o regiune de imagine pe bii set_color_band setcolor Yz Schimbare la culoarea panglicii #1 set_page_length slines YZ Stabilete lungimea paginii la #1 linii display_pc_char dispc S1 Afieaza caracterul PC #1 enter_pc_charset_mode smpch S2 Intrare din modul de afiare a caracterelor PC exit_pc_charset_mode rmpch S3 Ieire din modul de afiare a caracterelor PC enter_scancode_mode smsc S4 Intrare in modul cod de scanare PC exit_scancode_mode rmsc S5 Ieire din modul cod de scanare PC pc_term_options pctrm S6 Opiuni terminal PC scancode_escape scesc S7 Eludare pentru emularea codului de scanare alt_scancode_esc scesa S8 Eludare alternativa pentru emularea codului de scanare Standardul XSI Curses a introdus aceste capacitai de imprimare (hardcopy). Acestea au fost utilizate in unele versiuni ale curses pentru System V ulterioare versiunii 4.1, de exemplu Solaris 2.5 i IRIX 6.x. Cu excepia YI, denumirile termcap din ncurses pentru acestea sunt inventate. Conform standardului XSI Curses, acestea nu au nume termcap. Daca intrarile terminfo compilate de dvs. le utilizeaza, este posibil ca acestea sa nu fie compatibile binar cu intrarile terminfo System V dupa SVr4.1; avei grija! Cod Numele capacitaii de tip ir TI TC Descriere --------------------------------------------------------------------- enter_horizontal_hl_mode ehhlm Xh Intrare in modul de evideniere orizontala enter_left_hl_mode elhlm Xl Intrare in modul de evideniere stanga enter_low_hl_mode elohlm Xo Intrare in modul de evideniere in partea de jos enter_right_hl_mode erhlm Xr Intrare in modul de evideniere dreapta enter_top_hl_mode ethlm Xt Intrare in modul de evideniere in partea de sus enter_vertical_hl_mode evhlm Xv Intrare in modul de evideniere verticala set_a_attributes sgr1 sA Definete al doilea set de atribute video #1-#6 set_pglen_inch slength YI Stabilete lungimea paginii la #1 sutime de inch (unele implementari utilizeaza sL pentru termcap). Capacitai definite de utilizator Seciunea anterioara a enumerat capacitaile standard. Unele dintre acestea sunt mai puin cunoscute, oferind funcionalitai pe care emulatoarele de terminal nu le implementeaza sau care poate nu au fost niciodata realizate in echipamentele hardware existente. Uneori, emulatoarele dispun de caracteristici speciale care sunt dificil sau imposibil de redat prin intermediul capacitailor standard. ncurses rezolva aceasta limitare prin acceptarea capacitailor definite de utilizator. Programele tic i infocmp ofera opiunea -x in acest scop. Cand se utilizeaza -x, tic trateaza capacitaile necunoscute ca fiind definite de utilizator. Adica, daca tic intalnete un nume de capacitate pe care nu il recunoate, programul deduce tipul capacitaii (boolean, numeric sau ir) din sintaxa valorii capacitaii i creeaza o intrare extinsa in tabel pentru acea capacitate. use_extended_names(3X) pune aceste informaii la dispoziia aplicaiilor in mod condiional. Funciile bibliotecii ncurses furnizeaza apelanilor date despre capacitai, a caror interpretare depinde in mare parte de aplicaie. o ncurses trateaza capacitaile de ir definite de utilizator ale caror nume incep cu ,,k" ca pe nite taste de funcii. o Tipurile de capacitai (boolean, numeric sau ir de caractere) determinate de tic pot fi deduse in urma apelurilor reuite ale funciilor tigetflag(3X), tigetnum(3X) i tigetstr(3X). o Daca numele capacitaii are doua caractere, capacitatea este disponibila i prin interfaa termcap. Dei se spune ca termcap este extensibil deoarece nu impune nicio capacitate, in practica acesta a fost limitat la cele definite de implementarile terminfo. Ca regula generala, utilizai numai capacitai definite de utilizator de tip boolean i numeric cu aplicaiile termcap, pentru a evita depairea limitei de 1023 de octei asumata de implementarile termcap i de aplicaiile acestora. Mai precis, suportul pentru seturi extinse de taste funcionale (dincolo de cele 60 de taste numerice i de cateva taste speciale cu nume) se realizeaza mai bine cu nume mai lungi disponibile prin terminfo. Biblioteca ncurses utilizeaza cateva dintre aceste capacitai definite de utilizator, aa cum este descris in user_caps(5). Pentru alte capacitai definite de utilizator, inclusiv tastele de funcie, consultai formatul sursa al bazei de date a terminalului, terminfo.src, in seciunea <>. Un exemplu de intrare Urmatoarea intrare, care descrie un terminal conform standardului ANSI X.3.64 (sau ECMA-48) (denumit in continuare ,,ANSI-standard" pentru concizie) este reprezentativa pentru aspectul tipic al unei intrari terminfo pentru un terminal modern. ansi|ansi/pc-term compatibil cu culori, am, mc5i, mir, msgr, colors#8, cols#80, it#8, lines#24, ncv#3, pairs#64, acsc=+\020\,\021-\030.^Y0\333`\004a\261f\370g\361h\260 j\331k\277l\332m\300n\305o~p\304q\304r\304s_t\303 u\264v\301w\302x\263y\363z\362{\343|\330}\234~\376, bel=^G, blink=\E[5m, bold=\E[1m, cbt=\E[Z, clear=\E[H\E[J, cr=^M, cub=\E[%p1%dD, cub1=\E[D, cud=\E[%p1%dB, cud1=\E[B, cuf=\E[%p1%dC, cuf1=\E[C, cup=\E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dH, cuu=\E[%p1%dA, cuu1=\E[A, dch=\E[%p1%dP, dch1=\E[P, dl=\E[%p1%dM, dl1=\E[M, ech=\E[%p1%dX, ed=\E[J, el=\E[K, el1=\E[1K, home=\E[H, hpa=\E[%i%p1%dG, ht=\E[I, hts=\EH, ich=\E[%p1%d@, il=\E[%p1%dL, il1=\E[L, ind=^J, indn=\E[%p1%dS, invis=\E[8m, kbs=^H, kcbt=\E[Z, kcub1=\E[D, kcud1=\E[B, kcuf1=\E[C, kcuu1=\E[A, khome=\E[H, kich1=\E[L, mc4=\E[4i, mc5=\E[5i, nel=\r\E[S, op=\E[39;49m, rep=%p1%c\E[%p2%{1}%-%db, rev=\E[7m, rin=\E[%p1%dT, rmacs=\E[10m, rmpch=\E[10m, rmso=\E[m, rmul=\E[m, s0ds=\E(B, s1ds=\E)B, s2ds=\E*B, s3ds=\E+B, setab=\E[4%p1%dm, setaf=\E[3%p1%dm, sgr=\E[0;10%?%p1%t;7%; %?%p2%t;4%; %?%p3%t;7%; %?%p4%t;5%; %?%p6%t;1%; %?%p7%t;8%; %?%p9%t;11%;m, sgr0=\E[0;10m, smacs=\E[11m, smpch=\E[11m, smso=\E[7m, smul=\E[4m, tbc=\E[3g, u6=\E[%i%d;%dR, u7=\E[6n, u8=\E[?%[;0123456789]c, u9=\E[c, vpa=\E[%i%p1%dd, Intrarile pot continua pe mai multe randuri, introducand un spaiu la inceputul fiecarui rand, cu excepia primului. Comentariile pot fi incluse pe randurile care incep cu ,,#". Capacitaile din terminfo sunt de trei tipuri: o Capacitai booleene care indica faptul ca terminalul dispune de o anumita caracteristica, o capacitai numerice care precizeaza dimensiunea terminalului sau durata anumitor intarzieri, precum i o capacitai de tip ir de caractere, care furnizeaza o secvena ce poate fi utilizata pentru a efectua anumite operaii la nivelul terminalului. Tipuri de capacitai Toate capacitaile au nume. De exemplu, faptul ca terminalele conforme cu standardul ANSI dispun de margini automate (adica, un retur automat i un avans de linie la atingerea sfaritului unei linii) este indicat de capacitatea am. Prin urmare, descrierea ansi include am. Capacitaile numerice sunt urmate de caracterul ,,#" i apoi de o valoare pozitiva. Astfel, cols, care indica numarul de coloane pe care il are terminalul, da valoarea ,,80" pentru ansi. Valorile pentru capacitaile numerice pot fi specificate in format zecimal, octal sau hexazecimal, folosind conveniile limbajului de programare C (de exemplu, 255, 0377 i 0xff sau 0xFF). In cele din urma, funciile care returneaza iruri de caractere, precum el (secvena de tergere pana la sfaritul randului), sunt reprezentate de un cod format din doua caractere, an ,,=", urmat de un ir care se termina cu urmatoarea ,,,". O serie de secvene de eludare sunt furnizate in capacitaile de tip ir de caractere pentru a facilita codificarea caracterelor in acestea: o Atat \E cat i \e sunt redate ca un caracter ESCAPE, o iar ^x este redat ca un caracter de control-x pentru orice x corespunzator, iar o secvenele \n, \l, \r, \t, \b, \f, i \s produc newline, line-feed, return, tab, backspace, form-feed, i respectiv, space. X/Open Curses nu precizeaza ce ar putea fi ,,x adecvat". In practica, acesta este un caracter grafic ASCII imprimabil. Cazul special "^?" este interpretat ca DEL (127). In toate celelalte cazuri, valoarea caracterului este combinata logic cu 0x1f, corespunzand codurilor de control ASCII din intervalul 0-31. Alte eludari sunt o \^ pentru ^, o \\ pentru \, o \, pentru virgula, o \: pentru :, o i \0 pentru null. \0 va genera \200, care nu incheie un ir, dar se comporta ca un caracter nul pe majoritatea terminalelor, cu condiia ca CS7 sa fie specificat. Vezi stty(1). Motivul acestei particularitai este meninerea compatibilitaii binare a fiierelor terminfo compilate cu alte implementari, de exemplu sistemele SVr4, care menioneaza acest lucru. Fiierele terminfo compilate utilizeaza iruri terminate cu caracterul nul, fara a specifica lungimea acestora. Modificarea acestei caracteristici ar necesita un nou format binar, care nu ar fi compatibil cu alte implementari. De asemenea, caracterele pot fi date ca trei cifre octale dupa un caracter \. O intarziere exprimata in milisecunde poate aparea oriunde intr-o capacitate de ir, intre parantezele $<..>, ca in el=\EK$<5>, iar caracterele de umplere sunt furnizate de tputs(3X) pentru a asigura aceasta intarziere. o Intarzierea trebuie sa fie un numar cu cel mult o zecimala; aceasta poate fi urmata de sufixele ,,*" sau ,,/" sau de ambele. o Un ,,*" indica faptul ca spaiul de umplere necesar este proporional cu numarul de linii afectate de operaie, iar valoarea indicata reprezinta spaiul de umplere necesar pentru fiecare unitate afectata; (in cazul inserarii unui caracter, factorul ramane tot numarul de linii afectate). In mod normal, completarea este opionala daca dispozitivul dispune de funcia xon; aceasta este utilizata pentru calcularea costurilor, dar nu genereaza intarzieri. o Sufixul ,,/" indica faptul ca umplerea este obligatorie i impune o intarziere de numarul specificat de milisecunde chiar i pe dispozitivele pe care este prezenta opiunea xon pentru a indica controlul fluxului. Uneori, capacitaile individuale trebuie sa fie comentate. Pentru a face acest lucru, punei un punct inaintea numelui capacitaii. De exemplu, vedei al doilea ind din exemplul de mai sus. Preluarea descrierilor compilate Descrierile terminalului din ncurses sunt stocate in baze de date pentru terminale. Aceste baze de date, care sunt identificate dupa ruta de acces, pot fi configurate fie ca arbori de directoare, fie ca baze de date cu indexare hash (vezi term(5)), Biblioteca utilizeaza o lista de nume de rute incorporata, care poate fi suprascrisa prin variabile de mediu. Inainte de a incepe cautarea, ncurses verifica lista de cautare, eliminand duplicatele i numele de rute pentru care nu se gasete nicio baza de date a terminalului. Biblioteca ncurses citete prima descriere care trece de verificarile de consistena. o Variabila de mediu TERMINFO este verificata mai intai, pentru o baza de date de terminale care conine descrierea terminalului. o Apoi, ncurses cauta in $HOME/.terminfo o descriere compilata. Aceasta este o caracteristica opionala care poate fi omisa in totalitate din biblioteca sau limitata pentru a preveni utilizarea accidentala de catre aplicaii privilegiate. o In continuare, daca variabila de mediu TERMINFO_DIRS este configurata, ncurses interpreteaza coninutul acestei variabile ca o lista de nume de rute, separate prin doua puncte, ale bazelor de date pentru terminale care urmeaza sa fie cautate. Un nume de ruta gol (adica, daca variabila incepe sau se termina cu doua puncte (,,:") sau conine doua puncte adiacente (,,::") ) este interpretat ca locaia sistemului /usr/share/terminfo. o In cele din urma, ncurses cauta in aceste locaii compilate: o o lista de directoare (/usr/share/terminfo), i o directorul terminfo al sistemului, /usr/share/terminfo Variabila TERMINFO poate conine o descriere a terminalului in locul numelui de ruta catre o baza de date a terminalelor. Daca aceasta variabila incepe cu ,,hex:" sau ,,b64:", atunci ncurses citete o descriere a terminalului din datele codificate in format hexazecimal sau base64 i, daca acea descriere corespunde numelui cautat, o va utiliza. Aceste date codificate pot fi definite folosind opiunea ,,Q" a tic sau infocmp. Cele de mai sus se refera la configuraia obinuita a ncurses, care utilizeaza descrieri de terminale pregatite in format terminfo. Dei termcap este mai puin expresiv, ncurses poate fi configurat i pentru a citi descrierile termcap. In aceasta configuraie, el verifica variabilele TERMCAP i TERMPATH (pentru coninut i ruta de cautare, respectiv) dupa baza de date a terminalelor sistemului. Elaborarea descrierilor Vom prezenta acum modul de elaborare a descrierilor terminalelor. Cea mai eficienta metoda de a crea o descriere a unui terminal este aceea de a imita descrierea unui terminal similar din terminfo i de a construi descrierea treptat, folosind descrieri pariale i verificand corectitatea acestora cu ajutorul vi sau al altui program orientat catre ecran. Reinei ca un terminal foarte neobinuit poate scoate la iveala deficiene in capacitatea fiierului terminfo de a-l descrie sau erori in codul de gestionare a ecranului al programului de testare. Pentru a stabili corect spaiul de umplere pentru linia de inserare (in cazul in care producatorul terminalului nu a furnizat informaii in acest sens), un test riguros consta in editarea unui fiier voluminos la 9600 baud, tergerea a aproximativ 16 linii din mijlocul ecranului, apoi apasarea rapida de cateva ori a tastei <>. Daca terminalul nu funcioneaza corect, este de obicei necesar un spaiu de umplere mai mare. Un test similar poate fi utilizat i pentru caracterul de inserare. Capacitai bazice Numarul de coloane pe fiecare linie pentru terminal este dat de capacitatea numerica cols. Daca terminalul este de tipul CRT, atunci numarul de linii de pe ecran este dat de capacitatea lines. Daca terminalul revine la inceputul liniei urmatoare atunci cand ajunge la marginea din dreapta, atunci ar trebui sa aiba capacitatea am. Daca terminalul poate terge ecranul, lasand cursorul in poziia iniiala, atunci acest lucru este dat de capacitatea de ir clear. Daca terminalul suprascrie (in loc sa tearga o poziie cand se suprascrie un caracter) atunci ar trebui sa aiba capacitatea os. Daca terminalul este un terminal de imprimare, fara unitate de copiere soft, atribuii-i atat hc, cat i os. (os se aplica terminalelor cu memorie, cum ar fi seria TEKTRONIX 4010, precum i terminalelor de copiere hard i APL). Daca exista un cod pentru a muta cursorul la marginea stanga a liniei curente, atribuii-i cr. (In mod normal, acesta va fi returnarea caruciorului, control/M). Daca exista un cod pentru a produce un semnal sonor (clopoel, bip etc.), atribuii-i bel. Daca exista o comanda pentru a deplasa cursorul cu o poziie spre stanga (cum ar fi tasta Backspace), aceasta funcie ar trebui sa fie indicata ca cub1. In mod similar, codurile pentru deplasarea spre dreapta, sus i jos ar trebui sa fie date ca cuf1, cuu1 i cud1. Aceste micari locale ale cursorului nu ar trebui sa modifice textul peste care trec; de exemplu, in mod normal nu ai folosi ,,cuf1= " deoarece spaiul ar terge caracterul peste care s-a deplasat. Un aspect foarte important in acest context este faptul ca micarile locale ale cursorului codificate in terminfo sunt nedefinite la marginile din stanga i de sus ale unui terminal CRT. Programele nu ar trebui sa incerce niciodata sa se deplaseze inapoi in apropierea marginii din stanga, cu excepia cazului in care este specificat bw, i niciodata sa incerce sa se deplaseze local in sus dincolo de marginea superioara. Pentru a derula textul in sus, un program se va deplasa in colul din stanga jos al ecranului i va trimite irul ind (index). Pentru a derula textul in jos, programul se deplaseaza in colul din stanga sus al ecranului i trimite irul ri (index invers). irurile ind i ri nu sunt definite atunci cand nu se afla in colurile respective ale ecranului. Versiunile cu parametrii ale secvenelor de derulare sunt indn i rin, care au aceeai semantica ca ind i ri, cu excepia faptului ca accepta un singur parametru i deruleaza atatea linii. De asemenea, acestea nu sunt definite decat la marginea corespunzatoare a ecranului. Capacitatea am indica daca cursorul ramane fixat la marginea din dreapta a ecranului atunci cand se afieaza text, dar acest lucru nu se aplica neaparat unui cuf1 din ultima coloana. Singura micare locala definita pornind de la marginea din stanga este aceea in care, daca se specifica bw, un cub1 de la marginea din stanga se va deplasa catre marginea din dreapta a liniei anterioare. Daca bw nu este specificat, efectul este nedefinit. Acest lucru este util, de exemplu, pentru a desena o caseta in jurul marginii ecranului. Daca terminalul are margini automate selectabile prin comutator, fiierul terminfo presupune de obicei ca aceasta opiune este activata; adica, am. Daca terminalul are o comanda care se deplaseaza la prima coloana a liniei urmatoare, acea comanda poate fi data ca nel (newline). Nu conteaza daca comanda terge restul liniei curente, aa ca, daca terminalul nu are cr i lf, este totui posibil sa se creeze un nel funcional din una sau ambele. Aceste caracteristici sunt suficiente pentru a descrie terminalele cu ieire pe hartie i terminalele de tip ,,glass-tty". Astfel, teletipul model 33 este descris ca 33|tty33|tty|model 33 teletype, bel=^G, cols#72, cr=^M, cud1=^J, hc, ind=^J, os, in timp ce Lear Siegler ADM-3 este descris ca adm3|3|lsi adm3, am, bel=^G, clear=^Z, cols#80, cr=^M, cub1=^H, cud1=^J, ind=^J, lines#24, iruri cu parametri Adresarea cursorului i alte iruri care necesita parametri in terminal sunt descrise printr-o capacitate de ir cu parametri, care conine caractere de eludare de tip printf, precum %x. De exemplu, pentru a adresa cursorul, se utilizeaza capacitatea cup, cu doi parametri: linia i coloana la care se dorete adresarea. (Liniile i coloanele sunt numerotate incepand de la zero i se refera la ecranul fizic vizibil pentru utilizator, nu la vreo memorie invizibila.) Daca terminalul are adresare relativa a cursorului in memorie, aceasta poate fi indicata prin mrcup. Mecanismul parametrilor utilizeaza o stiva i coduri speciale de tip % pentru a o manipula. De obicei, o secvena va introduce unul dintre parametri in stiva i apoi il va afia intr-un anumit format. Imprimarea ,,print" (de exemplu, ,,%d" este un caz special. Alte operaii, inclusiv ,,%t", ii extrag operandul din stiva. Se remarca faptul ca sunt adesea necesare operaii mai complexe, de exemplu, in irul sgr. Codificarile % au urmatoarele semnificaii: %% produce la ieire "%" %[[:]flags][width[.precision]][doxXs] la fel ca in printf(3), fanioanele sunt [-+#] i spaiu. Folosii ,,:" pentru a permite ca urmatorul caracter sa fie un fanion ,,-", evitand interpretarea lui ,,%-" ca un operator. %c imprima pop() ca %c in printf %s imprima pop() ca %s in printf %p[1-9] afieaza la ieire al i-lea parametru %P[a-z] definete variabila dinamica [a-z] la pop() %g[a-z] obine variabila dinamica [a-z] i-o afieaza %P[A-Z] definete variabila statica [a-z] la pop() %g[A-Z] obine variabila statica [a-z] i-o afieaza Termenii,,static" i ,,dynamic" sunt inelatori. Din punct de vedere istoric, acetia reprezinta pur i simplu doua seturi diferite de variabile, ale caror valori nu sunt reiniializate intre apelurile catre tparm(3X). Cu toate acestea, acest fapt nu este documentat in alte implementari. Bazarea pe acest aspect va afecta negativ portabilitatea catre alte implementari: o SVr2 curses supported dynamic variables. Those are set only by a %P operator. A %g for a given variable without first setting it with %P will give unpredictable results, because dynamic variables are an uninitialized local array on the stack in the tparm function. o SVr3.2 curses supported static variables. Those are an array in the TERMINAL structure (declared in term.h), and are zeroed automatically when the setupterm function allocates the data. o SVr4 curses made no further improvements to the dynamic/static variable feature. o Solaris XPG4 curses does not distinguish between dynamic and static variables. They are the same. Like SVr4 curses, XPG4 curses does not initialize these explicitly. o Before version 6.3, ncurses stores both dynamic and static variables in persistent storage, initialized to zeros. o Beginning with version 6.3, ncurses stores static and dynamic variables in the same manner as SVr4. o Unlike other implementations, ncurses zeros dynamic variables before the first %g or %P operator. o Like SVr2, the scope of dynamic variables in ncurses is within the current call to tparm. Use static variables if persistent storage is needed. %'c' char constant c %{nn} integer constant nn %l push strlen(pop) %+, %-, %*, %/, %m arithmetic (%m is mod): push(pop() op pop()) %&, %|, %^ bit operations ("and", "or" and exclusive "or"): push(pop() op pop()) %=, %>, %< logical operations: push(pop() op pop()) %A, %O logical "and" and "or" operations (for conditionals) %!, %~ unary operations (logical and bit complement): push(op pop()) %i add 1 to first two parameters (for ANSI terminals) %? expr %t thenpart %e elsepart %; This forms an if-then-else. The %e elsepart is optional. Usually the %? expr part pushes a value onto the stack, and %t pops it from the stack, testing if it is nonzero (true). If it is zero (false), control passes to the %e (else) part. It is possible to form else-if's a la Algol 68: %? c1 %t b1 %e c2 %t b2 %e c3 %t b3 %e c4 %t b4 %e %; where ci are conditions, bi are bodies. Use the -f option of tic or infocmp to see the structure of if-then-else's. Some strings, e.g., sgr can be very complicated when written on one line. The -f option splits the string into lines with the parts indented. Binary operations are in postfix form with the operands in the usual order. That is, to get x-5 one would use "%gx%{5}%-". %P and %g variables are persistent across escape-string evaluations. Consider the HP2645, which, to get to line 3 and column 12, needs to be sent \E&a12c03Y padded for 6 milliseconds. The order of the lines and columns is inverted here, and the lines and column are printed as two digits. The corresponding terminal description is expressed thus: cup=\E&a%p2%dc%p1%dY$<6>, The Microterm ACT-IV needs the current line and column sent preceded by a ^T, with the line and column simply encoded in binary, cup=^T%p1%c%p2%c Terminals which use "%c" need to be able to backspace the cursor (cub1), and to move the cursor up one line on the screen (cuu1). This is necessary because it is not always safe to transmit \n ^D and \r, as the system may change or discard them. (The library routines dealing with terminfo set tty modes so that tabs are never expanded, so \t is safe to send. This turns out to be essential for the Ann Arbor 4080.) A final example is the LSI ADM-3A, which uses line and column offset by a space, thus cup=\E=%p1%' '%+%c%p2%' '%+%c After sending "\E=", this pushes the first parameter, pushes the ASCII value for a space (32), adds them (pushing the sum on the stack in place of the two previous values) and outputs that value as a character. Then the same is done for the second parameter. More complex arithmetic is possible using the stack. Micarile cursorului If the terminal has a fast way to home the cursor (to very upper left corner of screen) then this can be given as home; similarly a fast way of getting to the lower left-hand corner can be given as ll; this may involve going up with cuu1 from the home position, but a program should never do this itself (unless ll does) because it can make no assumption about the effect of moving up from the home position. Note that the home position is the same as addressing to (0,0): to the top left corner of the screen, not of memory. (Thus, the \EH sequence on HP terminals cannot be used for home.) If the terminal has line or column absolute cursor addressing, these can be given as single parameter capabilities hpa (horizontal position absolute) and vpa (vertical position absolute). Sometimes these are shorter than the more general two parameter sequence (as with the hp2645) and can be used in preference to cup. If there are parameterized local motions (e.g., move n spaces to the right) these can be given as cud, cub, cuf, and cuu with a single parameter indicating how many spaces to move. These are primarily useful if the terminal does not have cup, such as the TEKTRONIX 4025. If the terminal needs to be in a special mode when running a program that uses these capabilities, the codes to enter and exit this mode can be given as smcup and rmcup. This arises, for example, from terminals like the Concept with more than one page of memory. If the terminal has only memory relative cursor addressing and not screen relative cursor addressing, a one screen-sized window must be fixed into the terminal for cursor addressing to work properly. This is also used for the TEKTRONIX 4025, where smcup sets the command character to be the one used by terminfo. If the smcup sequence will not restore the screen after an rmcup sequence is output (to the state prior to outputting rmcup), specify nrrmc. Margini SVr4 (i Curses X/Open) enumera mai multe capacitai de iruri pentru definirea marginilor. Doua dintre acestea erau destinate utilizarii cu terminale, iar alte ase erau destinate utilizarii cu imprimante. o Cele doua capacitai ale terminalului presupun ca terminalul poate avea capacitatea de a defini marginea stanga i/sau dreapta la poziia curenta a cursorului. o Capacitaile imprimantei presupun ca imprimanta poate avea doua tipuri de capacitai: o the ability to set a top and/or bottom margin using the current line position, and o parameterized capabilities for setting the top, bottom, left, right margins given the number of lines or columns. In practica, clasificarea in ,,terminal" i ,,imprimanta" nu este adecvata: o Baza de date a terminalului AT&T SVr4 utilizeaza smgl de patru ori, pentru hardware-ul AT&T. Trei dintre cele patru sunt imprimante. Acestea nu au capacitatea de a seta marginile stanga/dreapta prin specificarea coloanei. o Alte terminale (care nu sunt AT&T) pot oferi suport pentru margini, dar folosind ipoteze diferite de cele ale AT&T. For instance, the DEC VT420 supports left/right margins, but only using a column parameter. As an added complication, the VT420 uses two settings to fully enable left/right margins (left/right margin mode, and origin mode). The former enables the margins, which causes printed text to wrap within margins, but the latter is needed to prevent cursor-addressing outside those margins. o Both DEC VT420 left/right margins are set with a single control sequence. If either is omitted, the corresponding margin is set to the left or right edge of the display (rather than leaving the margin unmodified). Acestea sunt capacitaile legate de margini: Nume Descriere ----------------------------------------------------------------------- smgl Stabilete marginea stanga la coloana curenta smgr Stabilete marginea dreapta la coloana curenta smgb Set bottom margin at current line smgt Set top margin at current line smgbp Stabilete marginea de jos la linia N smglp Stabilete marginea stanga la coloana N smgrp Stabilete marginea dreapta la coloana N smgtp Stabilete marginea de sus la linia N smglr Setai marginile stanga i dreapta la L i R. smgtb Stabilete marginile superioare i inferioare la T i B. When writing an application that uses these string capabilities, the pairs should be first checked to see if each capability in the pair is set or only one is set: o If both smglp and smgrp are set, each is used with a single argument, N, that gives the column number of the left and right margin, respectively. o If both smgtp and smgbp are set, each is used to set the top and bottom margin, respectively: o smgtp is used with a single argument, N, the line number of the top margin. o smgbp is used with two arguments, N and M, that give the line number of the bottom margin, the first counting from the top of the page and the second counting from the bottom. This accommodates the two styles of specifying the bottom margin in different manufacturers' printers. When designing a terminfo entry for a printer that has a settable bottom margin, only the first or second argument should be used, depending on the printer. When developing an application that uses smgbp to set the bottom margin, both arguments must be given. In schimb, cand este definita doar o singura capacitate din pereche: o If only one of smglp and smgrp is set, then it is used with two arguments, the column number of the left and right margins, in that order. o Likewise, if only one of smgtp and smgbp is set, then it is used with two arguments that give the top and bottom margins, in that order, counting from the top of the page. When designing a terminfo entry for a printer that requires setting both left and right or top and bottom margins simultaneously, only one capability in the pairs smglp and smgrp or smgtp and smgbp should be defined, leaving the other unset. Except for very old terminal descriptions, e.g., those developed for SVr4, the scheme just described should be considered obsolete. An improved set of capabilities was added late in the SVr4 releases (smglr and smgtb), which explicitly use two parameters for setting the left/right or top/bottom margins. When setting margins, the line- and column-values are zero-based. Capacitatea irului mgc trebuie definita. Aplicaii precum tabs(1) se bazeaza pe aceasta pentru a reajusta toate marginile. Curaarea zonei If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the line, leaving the cursor where it is, this should be given as el. If the terminal can clear from the beginning of the line to the current position inclusive, leaving the cursor where it is, this should be given as el1. If the terminal can clear from the current position to the end of the display, then this should be given as ed. Ed is only defined from the first column of a line. (Thus, it can be simulated by a request to delete a large number of lines, if a true ed is not available.) Inserare/tergere linie i micari verticale If the terminal can open a new blank line before the line where the cursor is, this should be given as il1; this is done only from the first position of a line. The cursor must then appear on the newly blank line. If the terminal can delete the line which the cursor is on, then this should be given as dl1; this is done only from the first position on the line to be deleted. Versions of il1 and dl1 which take a single parameter and insert or delete that many lines can be given as il and dl. If the terminal has a settable scrolling region (like the vt100) the command to set this can be described with the csr capability, which takes two parameters: the top and bottom lines of the scrolling region. The cursor position is, alas, undefined after using this command. It is possible to get the effect of insert or delete line using csr on a properly chosen region; the sc and rc (save and restore cursor) commands may be useful for ensuring that your synthesized insert/delete string does not move the cursor. (Note that the ncurses(3X) library does this synthesis automatically, so you need not compose insert/delete strings for an entry with csr). Yet another way to construct insert and delete might be to use a combination of index with the memory-lock feature found on some terminals (like the HP-700/90 series, which however also has insert/delete). Inserting lines at the top or bottom of the screen can also be done using ri or ind on many terminals without a true insert/delete line, and is often faster even on terminals with those features. The Boolean non_dest_scroll_region should be set if each scrolling window is effectively a view port on a screen-sized canvas. To test for this capability, create a scrolling region in the middle of the screen, write something to the bottom line, move the cursor to the top of the region, and do ri followed by dl1 or ind. If the data scrolled off the bottom of the region by the ri re-appears, then scrolling is non-destructive. System V and X/Open Curses expect that ind, ri, indn, and rin will simulate destructive scrolling; their documentation cautions you not to define csr unless this is true. This curses implementation is more liberal and will do explicit erases after scrolling if ndsrc is defined. If the terminal has the ability to define a window as part of memory, which all commands affect, it should be given as the parameterized string wind. The four parameters are the starting and ending lines in memory and the starting and ending columns in memory, in that order. If the terminal can retain display memory above, then the da capability should be given; if display memory can be retained below, then db should be given. These indicate that deleting a line or scrolling may bring non-blank lines up from below or that scrolling back with ri may bring down non-blank lines. Inserare/tergere caracter There are two basic kinds of intelligent terminals with respect to insert/delete character which can be described using terminfo. The most common insert/delete character operations affect only the characters on the current line and shift characters off the end of the line rigidly. Other terminals, such as the Concept 100 and the Perkin Elmer Owl, make a distinction between typed and untyped blanks on the screen, shifting upon an insert or delete only to an untyped blank on the screen which is either eliminated, or expanded to two untyped blanks. You can determine the kind of terminal you have by clearing the screen and then typing text separated by cursor motions. Type "abc def" using local cursor motions (not spaces) between the "abc" and the "def". Then position the cursor before the "abc" and put the terminal in insert mode. If typing characters causes the rest of the line to shift rigidly and characters to fall off the end, then your terminal does not distinguish between blanks and untyped positions. If the "abc" shifts over to the "def" which then move together around the end of the current line and onto the next as you insert, you have the second type of terminal, and should give the capability in, which stands for "insert null". While these are two logically separate attributes (one line versus multi-line insert mode, and special treatment of untyped spaces) we have seen no terminals whose insert mode cannot be described with the single attribute. Terminfo can describe both terminals which have an insert mode, and terminals which send a simple sequence to open a blank position on the current line. Give as smir the sequence to get into insert mode. Give as rmir the sequence to leave insert mode. Now give as ich1 any sequence needed to be sent just before sending the character to be inserted. Most terminals with a true insert mode will not give ich1; terminals which send a sequence to open a screen position should give it here. If your terminal has both, insert mode is usually preferable to ich1. Technically, you should not give both unless the terminal actually requires both to be used in combination. Accordingly, some non-curses applications get confused if both are present; the symptom is doubled characters in an update using insert. This requirement is now rare; most ich sequences do not require previous smir, and most smir insert modes do not require ich1 before each character. Therefore, the new curses actually assumes this is the case and uses either rmir/smir or ich/ich1 as appropriate (but not both). If you have to write an entry to be used under new curses for a terminal old enough to need both, include the rmir/smir sequences in ich1. If post insert padding is needed, give this as a number of milliseconds in ip (a string option). Any other sequence which may need to be sent after an insert of a single character may also be given in ip. If your terminal needs both to be placed into an "insert mode" and a special code to precede each inserted character, then both smir/rmir and ich1 can be given, and both will be used. The ich capability, with one parameter, n, will repeat the effects of ich1 n times. Daca este necesara umplerea intre caracterele tastate in afara modului de inserare, specificai acest lucru ca numar de milisecunde de umplere in rmp. It is occasionally necessary to move around while in insert mode to delete characters on the same line (e.g., if there is a tab after the insertion position). If your terminal allows motion while in insert mode you can give the capability mir to speed up inserting in this case. Omitting mir will affect only speed. Some terminals (notably Datamedia's) must not have mir because of the way their insert mode works. Finally, you can specify dch1 to delete a single character, dch with one parameter, n, to delete n characters, and delete mode by giving smdc and rmdc to enter and exit delete mode (any mode the terminal needs to be placed in for dch1 to work). O comanda pentru tergerea a n caractere (echivalenta cu afiarea a n spaii fara a muta cursorul) poate fi data ca ech cu un singur parametru. Evidenierea, sublinierea i sunete de clopoel vizibile If your terminal has one or more kinds of display attributes, these can be represented in a number of different ways. You should choose one display form as standout mode, representing a good, high contrast, easy-on-the-eyes, format for highlighting error messages and other attention getters. (If you have a choice, reverse video plus half-bright is good, or reverse video alone.) The sequences to enter and exit standout mode are given as smso and rmso, respectively. If the code to change into or out of standout mode leaves one or even two blank spaces on the screen, as the TVI 912 and Teleray 1061 do, then xmc should be given to tell how many spaces are left. Codes to begin underlining and end underlining can be given as smul and rmul respectively. If the terminal has a code to underline the current character and move the cursor one space to the right, such as the Microterm Mime, this can be given as uc. Other capabilities to enter various highlighting modes include blink (blinking) bold (bold or extra bright) dim (dim or half-bright) invis (blanking or invisible text) prot (protected) rev (reverse video) sgr0 (turn off all attribute modes) smacs (enter alternate character set mode) and rmacs (exit alternate character set mode). Turning on any of these modes singly may or may not turn off other modes. If there is a sequence to set arbitrary combinations of modes, this should be given as sgr (set attributes), taking 9 parameters. Each parameter is either zero (0) or nonzero, as the corresponding attribute is on or off. The 9 parameters are, in order: standout, underline, reverse, blink, dim, bold, blank, protect, alternate character set. Not all modes need be supported by sgr, only those for which corresponding separate attribute commands exist. De exemplu, DEC vt220 accepta majoritatea modurilor: parametrul tparm Atribut Secvena de eludare ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ niciunul niciunul \E[0m p1 standout (evideniere) \E[0;1;7m p2 underline (subliniere) \E[0;4m p3 reverse (inversare) \E[0;7m p4 blink \E[0;5m p5 dim nu este disponibila p6 bold \E[0;1m p7 invis \E[0;8m p8 protect (protejare) neutilizata p9 altcharset (set de caractere alternativ) ^O (off) ^N (on) We begin each escape sequence by turning off any existing modes, since there is no quick way to determine whether they are active. Standout is set up to be the combination of reverse and bold. The vt220 terminal has a protect mode, though it is not commonly used in sgr because it protects characters on the screen from the host's erasures. The altcharset mode also is different in that it is either ^O or ^N, depending on whether it is off or on. If all modes are turned on, the resulting sequence is \E[0;1;4;5;7;8m^N. Some sequences are common to different modes. For example, ;7 is output when either p1 or p3 is true, that is, if either standout or reverse modes are turned on. Scrierea secvenelor de mai sus, impreuna cu dependenele lor, are ca rezultat Secvena Cand se produce Traducerea terminfo --------------------------------------------------------- \E[0 intotdeauna \E[0 ;1 daca p1 sau p6 %?%p1%p6%|%t;1%; ;4 daca p2 %?%p2%|%t;4%; ;5 daca p4 %?%p4%|%t;5%; ;7 daca p1 sau p3 %?%p1%p3%|%t;7%; ;8 daca p7 %?%p7%|%t;8%; m intotdeauna m ^N sau ^O daca p9 ^N, altfel ^O %?%p9%t^N%e^O%; Punand toate acestea impreuna in secvena sgr, obinem: sgr=\E[0%?%p1%p6%|%t;1%;%?%p2%t;4%;%?%p4%t;5%; %?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;%?%p7%t;8%;m%?%p9%t\016%e\017%;, Remember that if you specify sgr, you must also specify sgr0. Also, some implementations rely on sgr being given if sgr0 is, Not all terminfo entries necessarily have an sgr string, however. Many terminfo entries are derived from termcap entries which have no sgr string. The only drawback to adding an sgr string is that termcap also assumes that sgr0 does not exit alternate character set mode. Terminals with the "magic cookie" glitch (xmc) deposit special "cookies" when they receive mode-setting sequences, which affect the display algorithm rather than having extra bits for each character. Some terminals, such as the HP 2621, automatically leave standout mode when they move to a new line or the cursor is addressed. Programs using standout mode should exit standout mode before moving the cursor or sending a newline, unless the msgr capability, asserting that it is safe to move in standout mode, is present. Daca terminalul are o modalitate de a ,,palpai" ecranul pentru a indica o eroare in mod silenios (un inlocuitor al clopoelului), atunci aceasta poate fi indicata ca flash; aceasta nu trebuie sa mite cursorul. If the cursor needs to be made more visible than normal when it is not on the bottom line (to make, for example, a non-blinking underline into an easier to find block or blinking underline) give this sequence as cvvis. If there is a way to make the cursor completely invisible, give that as civis. The capability cnorm should be given which undoes the effects of both of these modes. If your terminal correctly generates underlined characters (with no special codes needed) even though it does not overstrike, then you should give the capability ul. If a character overstriking another leaves both characters on the screen, specify the capability os. If overstrikes are erasable with a blank, then this should be indicated by giving eo. Tastatura numerica i tastele de funcii If the terminal has a keypad that transmits codes when the keys are pressed, this information can be given. Note that it is not possible to handle terminals where the keypad only works in local (this applies, for example, to the unshifted HP 2621 keys). If the keypad can be set to transmit or not transmit, give these codes as smkx and rmkx. Otherwise the keypad is assumed to always transmit. The codes sent by the left arrow, right arrow, up arrow, down arrow, and home keys can be given as kcub1, kcuf1, kcuu1, kcud1, and khome respectively. If there are function keys such as f0, f1, ..., f10, the codes they send can be given as kf0, kf1, ..., kf10. If these keys have labels other than the default f0 through f10, the labels can be given as lf0, lf1, ..., lf10. Codurile transmise de anumite alte taste speciale pot fi date: o kll (jos, la inceputul liniei ,,home down"), o kbs (retrocedare ,,backspace"), o ktbc (terge toate tabulatoarele), o kctab (terge tab_stop-ul din aceasta coloana), o kclr (tasta de tergere a ecranului sau de tergere), o kdch1 (terge caracterul), o kdl1 (terge linia), o krmir (iese din modul de inserare), o kel (terge pana la sfaritul liniei), o ked (terge pana la sfaritul ecranului), o kich1 (inserare caracter sau intrare in modul inserare), o kil1 (inserare linie), o knp (pagina urmatoare), o kpp (pagina precedenta), o kind (derulare inainte/in jos), o kri (derulare inapoi/in sus), o khts (definete tab_stop-ul in aceasta coloana). In addition, if the keypad has a 3 by 3 array of keys including the four arrow keys, the other five keys can be given as ka1, ka3, kb2, kc1, and kc3. These keys are useful when the effects of a 3 by 3 directional pad are needed. Strings to program function keys can be given as pfkey, pfloc, and pfx. A string to program screen labels should be specified as pln. Each of these strings takes two parameters: the function key number to program (from 0 to 10) and the string to program it with. Function key numbers out of this range may program undefined keys in a terminal dependent manner. The difference between the capabilities is that pfkey causes pressing the given key to be the same as the user typing the given string; pfloc causes the string to be executed by the terminal in local; and pfx causes the string to be transmitted to the computer. The capabilities nlab, lw and lh define the number of programmable screen labels and their width and height. If there are commands to turn the labels on and off, give them in smln and rmln. smln is normally output after one or more pln sequences to make sure that the change becomes visible. Tabulatoare i iniializare Cateva capacitai sunt folosite doar pentru a gestiona tab_stop-urile. o If the terminal has hardware tabs, specify the character sequence that advances to the next tab stop as the value of the tab (ht) string capability (usually Control+I). o Specify a character sequence that retreats (moves leftward) to the preceding tab stop as the value of the back_tab (cbt) string capability. By convention, if the terminal modes are configured such that tabs are expanded by the host rather than terminal, applications should not employ the tab (ht) or back_tab (cbt) capabilities even if they are present, since the user may not have the tab stops properly set. o If the terminal has hardware tab stops that are set at every n character cells when the terminal is powered up, specify n as the value of the the numeric capability init_tabs (it). The tset and "tput init" commands interpret the presence of the init_tabs (it) capability as implying that the terminal is responsible for tab stop expansion as well as an instruction to set the tab stops to its value. If the terminal has tab stops that can be saved in non-volatile memory, its terminfo type description can assume that they are properly set. Printre alte capacitai se numara o is1, is2 i is3, iruri de iniializare pentru terminal, o iprog, numele rutei catre un program care va fi rulat pentru iniializarea terminalului, o i if, numele unui fiier care conine iruri lungi de iniializare. These strings are expected to set the terminal into modes consistent with the rest of the terminfo description. They are normally sent to the terminal, by the init option of the tput program, each time the user logs in. They will be printed in the following order: ruleaza programul iprog ieirea is1 i is2 definete marginile folosind mgc sau smglp i smgrp sau smgl i smgr definete tabulatoarele folosind tbc i hts afieaza fiierul if i la final afieaza is3. Most initialization is done with is2. Special terminal modes can be set up without duplicating strings by putting the common sequences in is2 and special cases in is1 and is3. A set of sequences that does a harder reset from a totally unknown state can be given as rs1, rs2, rf and rs3, analogous to is1 , is2 , if and is3 respectively. These strings are output by reset option of tput, or by the reset program (an alias of tset), which is used when the terminal gets into a wedged state. Commands are normally placed in rs1, rs2 rs3 and rf only if they produce annoying effects on the screen and are not necessary when logging in. For example, the command to set the vt100 into 80-column mode would normally be part of is2, but it causes an annoying glitch of the screen and is not normally needed since the terminal is usually already in 80-column mode. The reset program writes strings including iprog, etc., in the same order as the init program, using rs1, etc., instead of is1, etc. If any of rs1, rs2, rs3, or rf reset capability strings are missing, the reset program falls back upon the corresponding initialization capability string. If there are commands to set and clear tab stops, they can be given as tbc (clear all tab stops) and hts (set a tab stop in the current column of every line). If a more complex sequence is needed to set the tabs than can be described by this, the sequence can be placed in is2 or if. Comanda tput reset utilizeaza aceleai iruri de caractere ca i comanda reset, dei cele doua programe (tput i reset) ofera opiuni diferite pentru linia de comanda. In practica, aceste capacitai terminfo nu sunt adesea folosite in iniializarea tabulatoarelor (dei sunt necesare pentru programul tabs): o Aproape toate terminalele hardware (cel puin cele care acceptau tabulatoare) le iniializau la fiecare optt coloane: Singura excepie a fost seria AT&T 2300, care a definit tabulatoare la fiecare cinci coloane. o In particular, developers of the hardware terminals which are commonly used as models for modern terminal emulators provided documentation demonstrating that eight columns were the standard. o Because of this, the terminal initialization programs tput and tset use the tbc (clear_all_tabs) and hts (set_tab) capabilities directly only when the it (init_tabs) capability is set to a value other than eight. Intarzieri i umplere Many older and slower terminals do not support either XON/XOFF or DTR handshaking, including hard copy terminals and some very archaic CRTs (including, for example, DEC VT100s). These may require padding characters after certain cursor motions and screen changes. If the terminal uses xon/xoff handshaking for flow control (that is, it automatically emits ^S back to the host when its input buffers are close to full), set xon. This capability suppresses the emission of padding. You can also set it for memory-mapped console devices effectively that do not have a speed limit. Padding information should still be included so that routines can make better decisions about relative costs, but actual pad characters will not be transmitted. If pb (padding baud rate) is given, padding is suppressed at baud rates below the value of pb. If the entry has no padding baud rate, then whether padding is emitted or not is completely controlled by xon. Daca terminalul necesita alt caracter decat nul (zero) ca umplutura, acesta poate fi indicat ca pad. Se utilizeaza numai primul caracter al irului pad. Liniile de stare Unele terminale au o linie suplimentara ,,linia de stare\[u201D] care nu este utilizata in mod normal de software (i, prin urmare, nu este luata in calcul in capacitatea lines a terminalului). The simplest case is a status line which is cursor-addressable but not part of the main scrolling region on the screen; the Heathkit H19 has a status line of this kind, as would a 24-line VT100 with a 23-line scrolling region set up on initialization. This situation is indicated by the hs capability. Some terminals with status lines need special sequences to access the status line. These may be expressed as a string with single parameter tsl which takes the cursor to a given zero-origin column on the status line. The capability fsl must return to the main-screen cursor positions before the last tsl. You may need to embed the string values of sc (save cursor) and rc (restore cursor) in tsl and fsl to accomplish this. Linia de stare este considerata in mod normal ca avand aceeai laime ca i terminalul. Daca acest lucru nu este adevarat, putei specifica acest lucru cu ajutorul capacitaii numerice wsl. O comanda pentru tergerea sau golirea liniei de stare poate fi specificata ca dsl. Capacitatea booleana eslok specifica faptul ca secvenele de eludare, tabulatoarele etc. funcioneaza in mod normal in linia de stare. Implementarea ncurses nu utilizeaza inca niciuna dintre aceste capacitai. Ele sunt documentate aici in cazul in care vor deveni importante. Grafica liniara Many terminals have alternate character sets useful for forms-drawing. Terminfo and curses have built-in support for most of the drawing characters supported by the VT100, with some characters from the AT&T 4410v1 added. This alternate character set may be specified by the acsc capability. acsc Nume ACS Valoare Simbol ASCII de rezerva / Numele glifului -------------------------------------------------------------------- ACS_RARROW 0x2b + > sageata indicand la dreapta ACS_LARROW 0x2c , < sageata indicand la stanga ACS_UARROW 0x2d - ^ sageata indicand in sus ACS_DARROW 0x2e . v sageata indicand in jos ACS_BLOCK 0x30 0 # bloc patrat solid ACS_DIAMOND 0x60 ` + diamant ACS_CKBOARD 0x61 a : tabla de ah (punctata) ACS_DEGREE 0x66 f \ simbolul de grad ACS_PLMINUS 0x67 g # plus/minus ACS_BOARD 0x68 h # tabla de patrate ACS_LANTERN 0x69 i # simbolul de lanterna ACS_LRCORNER 0x6a j + colul din dreapta jos ACS_URCORNER 0x6b k + colul din dreapta sus ACS_ULCORNER 0x6c l + colul din stanga sus ACS_LLCORNER 0x6d m + colul din stangaa jos ACS_PLUS 0x6e n + plus mare sau intersecie ACS_S1 0x6f o ~ linia de scanare(baleiaj) 1 ACS_S3 0x70 p - linia de scanare(baleiaj) 3 ACS_HLINE 0x71 q - linie orizontala ACS_S7 0x72 r - linia de scanare(baleiaj) 7 ACS_S9 0x73 s _ linia de scanare(baleiaj) 9 ACS_LTEE 0x74 t + teu indicand dreapta ACS_RTEE 0x75 u + teu indicand spre stanga ACS_BTEE 0x76 v + teu indicand in sus ACS_TTEE 0x77 w + teu indicand in jos ACS_VLINE 0x78 x | linie verticala ACS_LEQUAL 0x79 y < mai mic sau egal cu ACS_GEQUAL 0x7a z > mai mare sau egal cu ACS_PI 0x7b { * pi grecesc ACS_NEQUAL 0x7c | ! nu este egal cu ACS_STERLING 0x7d } f simbolul lirei sterline ACS_BULLET 0x7e ~ o bulina Cateva observaii se refera la tabelul in sine: o Curses X/Open afirma in mod eronat ca cartografierea pentru lantern este in majuscula ,,I", dei implementarile Unix utilizeaza cartografierea in minuscula ,,i". o The DEC VT100 implemented graphics using the alternate character set feature, temporarily switching modes and sending characters in the range 0x60 (96) to 0x7e (126) (the acsc Value column in the table). o Terminalul AT&T a adaugat caractere grafice in afara acestui interval. Some of the characters within the range do not match the VT100; presumably they were used in the AT&T terminal: board of squares replaces the VT100 newline symbol, while lantern symbol replaces the VT100 vertical tab symbol. The other VT100 symbols for control characters (horizontal tab, carriage return and line-feed) are not (re)used in curses. The best way to define a new device's graphics set is to add a column to a copy of this table for your terminal, giving the character which (when emitted between smacs/rmacs switches) will be rendered as the corresponding graphic. Then read off the VT100/your terminal character pairs right to left in sequence; these become the ACSC string. Gestionarea culorilor The curses library functions init_pair and init_color manipulate the color pairs and colors (color values or indices, such as "1=red") discussed in this section (see curs_color(3X) for details on these and related functions). Most color terminals are either "Tektronix-like" or "HP-like" in their approach to color management. o Tektronix-like terminals define a set of n colors (where n is usually 8), and can alter character-cell foreground and background colors independently, mixing them into nxn color pairs. ANSI-standard terminals are Tektronix-like. o On HP-like terminals, the user must set up each color pair separately; foreground and background are not independently alterable. Up to m color pairs may be configured from 2xm different colors. Some basic color management capabilities are independent of the color encoding method. The numeric capabilities max_colors (colors) and max_pairs (pairs) specify the maximum numbers of colors and color pairs that the device can display simultaneously. The orig_pair (op) ("original pair") string capability resets foreground and background colors to their default values for the terminal. The orig_colors (oc) ("original colors") string capability resets all colors or color pairs to their default values for the terminal. Some terminal types (including many PC terminal emulators) erase screen areas with the current background color rather than the power-up default background; these should declare the Boolean capability back_color_erase (bce). While the curses library works with color pairs (reflecting the inability of some devices to set foreground and background colors independently), there are separate capabilities for setting these features: o To change the current foreground or background color on a Tektronix-type terminal, use setaf (set ANSI foreground) and setab (set ANSI background) or setf (set foreground) and setb (set background). These take one parameter, the color number. The SVr4 documentation describes only setaf/setab; the XPG4 draft says that "If the terminal supports ANSI escape sequences to set background and foreground, they should be coded as setaf and setab, respectively. o Daca terminalul accepta alte secvene de eludare pentru definirea fundalului i a prim-planului, acestea trebuie codificate ca setf i, respectiv, setb. Funciile vidputs i refresh(3X) utilizeaza capacitaile setaf i setab daca acestea sunt definite. The setaf/setab and setf/setb capabilities take a single numeric argument each. Argument values 0-7 of setaf/setab are portably defined as follows (the middle column is the symbolic #define available in the header for the curses or ncurses libraries). The terminal hardware is free to map these as it likes, but the RGB values indicate normal locations in color space. Culoare #define Valoare RGB ----------------------------------------------------------- negru COLOR_BLACK 0 0, 0, 0 rou COLOR_RED 1 max, 0, 0 verde COLOR_GREEN 2 0, max, 0 galben COLOR_YELLOW 3 max, max, 0 albastru COLOR_BLUE 4 0, 0, max purpuriu/magenta COLOR_MAGENTA 5 max, 0, max cian COLOR_CYAN 6 0, max, max alb COLOR_WHITE 7 max, max, max Valorile argumentelor din setf/setb corespund istoric unei corespondene diferite, i anume, Culoare #define Valoare RGB ----------------------------------------------------------- negru COLOR_BLACK 0 0, 0, 0 albastru COLOR_BLUE 1 0, 0, max verde COLOR_GREEN 2 0, max, 0 cian COLOR_CYAN 3 0, max, max rou COLOR_RED 4 max, 0, 0 purpuriu/magenta COLOR_MAGENTA 5 max, 0, max galben COLOR_YELLOW 6 max, max, 0 alb COLOR_WHITE 7 max, max, max Este important sa nu confundai cele doua seturi de capacitai de culoare; in caz contrar, rou/albastru vor fi inversate pe ecran. Pe un terminal de tip HP, utilizai scp cu un parametru de numar de pereche de culori pentru a defini perechea de culori curenta. Unele terminale permit modificarea valorilor culorilor: o On a Tektronix-like terminal, the capability ccc may be present to indicate that colors can be modified. If so, the initc capability will take a color number (0 to colors - 1)and three more parameters which describe the color. These three parameters default to being interpreted as RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values. If the Boolean capability hls is present, they are instead as HLS (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) indices. The ranges are terminal-dependent. o On an HP-like terminal, initp may give a capability for changing a color pair value. It will take seven parameters; a color pair number (0 to max_pairs - 1), and two triples describing first background and then foreground colors. These parameters must be (Red, Green, Blue) or (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) depending on hls. On some color terminals, colors collide with highlights. You can register these collisions with the ncv capability. This is a bit mask of attributes not to be used when colors are enabled. The correspondence with the attributes understood by curses is as follows: Atribut Bit Zecimal Definit de ------------------------------------------ A_STANDOUT 0 1 sgr A_UNDERLINE 1 2 sgr A_REVERSE 2 4 sgr A_BLINK 3 8 sgr A_DIM 4 16 sgr A_BOLD 5 32 sgr A_INVIS 6 64 sgr A_PROTECT 7 128 sgr A_ALTCHARSET 8 256 sgr A_HORIZONTAL 9 512 sgr1 A_LEFT 10 1024 sgr1 A_LOW 11 2048 sgr1 A_RIGHT 12 4096 sgr1 A_TOP 13 8192 sgr1 A_VERTICAL 14 16384 sgr1 A_ITALIC 15 32768 sitm De exemplu, pe multe console IBM PC, atributul subliniere intra in conflict cu culoarea albastra din prim-plan i nu este disponibil in modul color. Acestea ar trebui sa aiba o capacitate ncv de 2. SVr4 curses nu face nimic cu ncv, ncurses il recunoate i optimizeaza ieirea in favoarea culorilor. Diverse If the terminal requires other than a null (zero) character as a pad, then this can be given as pad. Only the first character of the pad string is used. If the terminal does not have a pad character, specify npc. Note that ncurses implements the termcap-compatible PC variable; though the application may set this value to something other than a null, ncurses will test npc first and use napms if the terminal has no pad character. If the terminal can move up or down half a line, this can be indicated with hu (half-line up) and hd (half-line down). This is primarily useful for superscripts and subscripts on hard-copy terminals. If a hard-copy terminal can eject to the next page (form feed), give this as ff (usually control/L). If there is a command to repeat a given character a given number of times (to save time transmitting a large number of identical characters) this can be indicated with the parameterized string rep. The first parameter is the character to be repeated and the second is the number of times to repeat it. Thus, tparm(repeat_char, 'x', 10) is the same as "xxxxxxxxxx". If the terminal has a settable command character, such as the TEKTRONIX 4025, this can be indicated with cmdch. A prototype command character is chosen which is used in all capabilities. This character is given in the cmdch capability to identify it. The following convention is supported on some Unix systems: The environment is to be searched for a CC variable, and if found, all occurrences of the prototype character are replaced with the character in the environment variable. Terminal descriptions that do not represent a specific kind of known terminal, such as switch, dialup, patch, and network, should include the gn (generic) capability so that programs can complain that they do not know how to talk to the terminal. (This capability does not apply to virtual terminal descriptions for which the escape sequences are known.) If the terminal has a "meta key" which acts as a shift key, setting the 8th bit of any character transmitted, this fact can be indicated with km. Otherwise, software will assume that the 8th bit is parity and it will usually be cleared. If strings exist to turn this "meta mode" on and off, they can be given as smm and rmm. If the terminal has more lines of memory than will fit on the screen at once, the number of lines of memory can be indicated with lm. A value of lm#0 indicates that the number of lines is not fixed, but that there is still more memory than fits on the screen. Daca terminalul este unul dintre cele acceptate de protocolul terminalului virtual Unix, numarul terminalului poate fi indicat ca vt. Media copy strings which control an auxiliary printer connected to the terminal can be given as mc0: print the contents of the screen, mc4: turn off the printer, and mc5: turn on the printer. When the printer is on, all text sent to the terminal will be sent to the printer. It is undefined whether the text is also displayed on the terminal screen when the printer is on. A variation mc5p takes one parameter, and leaves the printer on for as many characters as the value of the parameter, then turns the printer off. The parameter should not exceed 255. All text, including mc4, is transparently passed to the printer while an mc5p is in effect. Defeciuni i leziuni cerebrale Terminalele Hazeltine, care nu permit afiarea caracterelor "~">> ar trebui sa indice hz. Terminalele care ignora un salt de linie imediat dupa o incadrare am, cum ar fi Concept i vt100, ar trebui sa indice xenl. Daca el este necesar pentru a elimina elementul evideniat (in loc sa scriei pur i simplu text normal peste acesta), ar trebui sa se utilizeze xhp. Teleray terminals, where tabs turn all characters moved over to blanks, should indicate xt (destructive tabs). Note: the variable indicating this is now "dest_tabs_magic_smso"; in older versions, it was teleray_glitch. This glitch is also taken to mean that it is not possible to position the cursor on top of a "magic cookie", that to erase standout mode it is instead necessary to use delete and insert line. The ncurses implementation ignores this glitch. The Beehive Superbee, which is unable to correctly transmit the escape or control/C characters, has xsb, indicating that the f1 key is used for escape and f2 for control/C. (Only certain Superbees have this problem, depending on the ROM.) Note that in older terminfo versions, this capability was called "beehive_glitch"; it is now "no_esc_ctl_c". Alte probleme specifice ale terminalului pot fi corectate prin adaugarea mai multor capacitai de forma xx. Capcanele intrarilor lungi Long terminfo entries are unlikely to be a problem; to date, no entry has even approached terminfo's 4096-byte string-table maximum. Unfortunately, the termcap translations are much more strictly limited (to 1023 bytes), thus termcap translations of long terminfo entries can cause problems. The man pages for 4.3BSD and older versions of tgetent instruct the user to allocate a 1024-byte buffer for the termcap entry. The entry gets null-terminated by the termcap library, so that makes the maximum safe length for a termcap entry 1k-1 (1023) bytes. Depending on what the application and the termcap library being used does, and where in the termcap file the terminal type that tgetent is searching for is, several bad things can happen: o some termcap libraries print a warning message, o some exit if they find an entry that's longer than 1023 bytes, o some neither exit nor warn, doing nothing useful, and o some simply truncate the entries to 1023 bytes. Some application programs allocate more than the recommended 1K for the termcap entry; others do not. Each termcap entry has two important sizes associated with it: before "tc" expansion, and after "tc" expansion. "tc" is the capability that tacks on another termcap entry to the end of the current one, to add on its capabilities. If a termcap entry does not use the "tc" capability, then of course the two lengths are the same. The "before tc expansion" length is the most important one, because it affects more than just users of that particular terminal. This is the length of the entry as it exists in /etc/termcap, minus the backslash-newline pairs, which tgetent strips out while reading it. Some termcap libraries strip off the final newline, too (GNU termcap does not). Now suppose: o a termcap entry before expansion is more than 1023 bytes long, o and the application has only allocated a 1k buffer, o and the termcap library (like the one in BSD/OS 1.1 and GNU) reads the whole entry into the buffer, no matter what its length, to see if it is the entry it wants, o and tgetent is searching for a terminal type that either is the long entry, appears in the termcap file after the long entry, or does not appear in the file at all (so that tgetent has to search the whole termcap file). Then tgetent will overwrite memory, perhaps its stack, and probably core dump the program. Programs like telnet are particularly vulnerable; modern telnets pass along values like the terminal type automatically. The results are almost as undesirable with a termcap library, like SunOS 4.1.3 and Ultrix 4.4, that prints warning messages when it reads an overly long termcap entry. If a termcap library truncates long entries, like OSF/1 3.0, it is immune to dying here but will return incorrect data for the terminal. The "after tc expansion" length will have a similar effect to the above, but only for people who actually set TERM to that terminal type, since tgetent only does "tc" expansion once it is found the terminal type it was looking for, not while searching. In summary, a termcap entry that is longer than 1023 bytes can cause, on various combinations of termcap libraries and applications, a core dump, warnings, or incorrect operation. If it is too long even before "tc" expansion, it will have this effect even for users of some other terminal types and users whose TERM variable does not have a termcap entry. When in -C (translate to termcap) mode, the ncurses implementation of tic(1M) issues warning messages when the pre-tc length of a termcap translation is too long. The -c (check) option also checks resolved (after tc expansion) lengths. FIIERE /usr/share/terminfo directorul bazei de date de descriere a terminalului compilat EXTENSII Searching for terminal descriptions in $HOME/.terminfo and TERMINFO_DIRS is not supported by older implementations. Some SVr4 curses implementations, and all previous to SVr4, do not interpret the %A and %O operators in parameter strings. SVr4/XPG4 do not specify whether msgr licenses movement while in an alternate-character-set mode (such modes may, among other things, map CR and NL to characters that do not trigger local motions). The ncurses implementation ignores msgr in ALTCHARSET mode. This raises the possibility that an XPG4 implementation making the opposite interpretation may need terminfo entries made for ncurses to have msgr turned off. The ncurses library handles insert-character and insert-character modes in a slightly non-standard way to get better update efficiency. See the Insert/Delete Character subsection above. The parameter substitutions for set_clock and display_clock are not documented in SVr4 or X/Open Curses. They are deduced from the documentation for the AT&T 505 terminal. Be careful assigning the kmous capability. The ncurses library wants to interpret it as KEY_MOUSE, for use by terminals and emulators like xterm that can return mouse-tracking information in the keyboard-input stream. X/Open Curses does not mention italics. Portable applications must assume that numeric capabilities are signed 16-bit values. This includes the no_color_video (ncv) capability. The 32768 mask value used for italics with ncv can be confused with an absent or canceled ncv. If italics should work with colors, then the ncv value must be specified, even if it is zero. Different commercial ports of terminfo and curses support different subsets of X/Open Curses and (in some cases) different extensions. Here is a summary, accurate as of October 1995, after which the commercial Unix market contracted and lost diversity. o SVr4, Solaris, i ncurses accepta toate capacitaile SVr4. o IRIX accepta setul SVr4 i adauga o capacitate extinsa nedocumentata pentru iruri (set_pglen). o SVr1 and Ultrix support a restricted subset of terminfo capabilities. The Booleans end with xon_xoff; the numerics with width_status_line; and the strings with prtr_non. o HP/UX accepta subsetul SVr1, plus valorile numerice SVr[234] num_labels, label_height, label_width, plus tastele funcionale 11 pana la 63, plus plab_norm, label_on i label_off, plus o serie de extensii incompatibile ale tabelului de iruri. o AIX accepta subsetul SVr1, plus tastele funcionale 11 pana la 63, plus o serie de extensii incompatibile ale tabelelor de iruri de caractere. o OSF/1 accepta atat setul SVr4, cat i extensiile AIX. PORTABILITATE Do not count on compiled (binary) terminfo entries being portable between commercial Unix systems. At least two implementations of terminfo (those of HP-UX and AIX) diverged from those of other System V Unices after SVr1, adding extension capabilities to the string table that (in the binary format) collide with subsequent System V and X/Open Curses extensions. AUTORI Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey. Bazat pe pcurses de Pavel Curtis. CONSULTAI I infocmp(1M), tabs(1), tic(1M), curses(3X), curs_color(3X), curs_terminfo(3X), curs_variables(3X), printf(3), term_variables(3X), term(5), user_caps(5) TRADUCERE Traducerea in limba romana a acestui manual a fost facuta de Remus- Gabriel Chelu Aceasta traducere este documentaie gratuita; citii Licena publica generala GNU Versiunea 3 sau o versiune ulterioara cu privire la condiii privind drepturile de autor. NU se asuma NICIO RESPONSABILITATE. Daca gasii erori in traducerea acestui manual, va rugam sa trimitei un e-mail la . ncurses 6.6 16 august 2025 terminfo(5)