LS(1) >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> LS(1)
>>>>>
ls - list directory contents
>>>>
ls [>>>>>>]... [>>>>>>>>]...
>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>>>> (>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>).
>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >> -cftuvSUX >>
--sort.
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>
>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >
>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>.
-a, --all
>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> (.)
-A, --almost-all
>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> . > ..
--author
>> -l, >>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>
-b, --escape
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
>->>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
--block-size=>>>>>>>>
>> -l, >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>> >> >>>>>>>>; >>>..,
--block-size=M; >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>
-B, --ignore-backups
>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>> >> ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last change of file
status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>
--color[=>>>>]
color the output WHEN; more info below
-d, --directory
>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, > >>
>>>>> >>>>>>>
-D, --dired
>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>
-f same as -a -U
-F, --classify[=>>>>]
append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries WHEN
--file-type
like -F, except do not append '*'
--format=>>>
>>>>,>>>>>>>>> -x, >>>>>>
-m, >>>> -l, >>>>> >>>>>> -1,
>>>>>>> -l, >>>>>>>> -C
--full-time
>>> -l --time-style=full-iso
-g >>> -l, >>> >> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
--group-directories-first
group directories before files
-G, --no-group
> >>>>> >>>>>>, >>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
-h, --human-readable
>> -l > -s, >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>> 1K 234M 2G >>>.
--si >>>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >> 1000 > >> 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link that points to a
directory
--hide=>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>
(>>>>>>>>>>> >> -a >>> -A)
--hyperlink[=>>>>]
hyperlink file names WHEN
--indicator-style=>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>
>>>>>: >>>>> (>>>>>>>),
>>>> >>>> (-p), >>>>>
>>>>>>>> (--file-type),
>>>>>>>>> (-F)
-i, --inode
>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>
-I, --ignore=>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>
-k, --kibibytes
default to 1024-byte blocks for file system usage; used only
with -s and per directory totals
-l >>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>
-L, --dereference
>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>, >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>
>>>> >>>>
-m >>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>
-n, --numeric-uid-gid
>>> -l, >>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
>>->>> >>>>>
-N, --literal
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>>
-o >>> -l, >>> >> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> > >>>>>
-p, --indicator-style=slash
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> /
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
-q, --hide-control-chars
>>>>>>>> ? >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
--show-control-chars
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>
(>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>> >>>
>>>>>>> >>>> ls > >>>>>
>>>>>>>>)
-Q, --quote-name
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
--quoting-style=>>>
>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>
>>>>>: literal, locale, shell, shell-always,
shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape
(>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
,,>>>>_>>>>>>>>")
-r, --reverse
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
-R, --recursive
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
-s, --size
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>, > >>>>>>>>>
-S >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>, >>>> >>>>>>>
--sort=>>>
change default 'name' sort to WORD: none (-U), size (-S), time
(-t), version (-v), extension (-X), name, width
--time=>>>
select which timestamp used to display or sort; access time
(-u): atime, access, use; metadata change time (-c): ctime,
status; modified time (default): mtime, modification; birth
time: birth, creation; with -l, WORD determines which time to
show; with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first)
--time-style=>>>>_>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>/>>>>> >> -l;
>>>>>> ,,>>>>_>>>>>>>"
>>>>>
-t >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>; >>>>>> --time
-T, --tabsize=>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >> 8
-u >> -lt: >>>> >>>>>, >
>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>
>>>>>>>>; >> -l: >>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>> > >>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>; >
>>>>>>>>>: >>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>>>
-U do not sort directory entries
-v >>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>> (>>>>>>) >
>>>>>>
-w, --width=>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>
>> >>. >>>>>>>. 0 >>>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>>>
-x >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>
-X >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>
-Z, --context
>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>
--zero >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>
>>> >> >>>>>, >> >>>>>
>>>>>
-1 list one file per line
--help >>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>
--version
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >
>>>>>> > >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>
>>>> > >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
(>>>>>>: 10K >> 10*1024). >>>>>>>>
>> K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (>>>>>>> >> 1024)
>>> KB,MB,... (>>>>>>> >> 1000).
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>: KiB=K, MiB=M, >
>>>> >>>>>.
>>>>>>>> ,,>>>>_>>>>>>>"
>>>> >>>> ,,full-iso", ,,long-iso", ,,iso", ,,locale",
>>> ,,+>>>>>". >>>>> >>
>>>>>> >>> > date(1). >>> >>
>>>>>
,,>>>>>1<>>>>_>>><>>>>>2",>>>>
>> >>>>>1 >>>>>>>>> >> >>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >
>>>>>2 >> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>.
>>>>_>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>
,,posix-" >>>>>> >>>> >>> ,,POSIX"
>>>>>>. >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>_>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>.
The WHEN argument defaults to 'always' and can also be 'auto' or
'never'.
>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>> > >>
>>>>>> > >> --color=never. >> --color=auto,
ls(1) >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>
>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> ,,LS_COLORS"
>>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> dircolors(1) >>
>> >>>>>>>>.
>>>>> >>>>>>:
0 >>> >> > >>>>,
1 >> >>>> >>>>>>>> (>>>., >>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>),
2 >> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
(>>>., >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>).
>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>> >.
>>>>>>> > >>>>>> >>> >>>>>.
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>:
bug-coreutils@gnu.org
>>> coreutils >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>:
>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>:
>>>>>> > >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>
Copyright (C) 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc. >>>>>>>
>>>>3+: >>> >>> >>>>>> 3 >>>
>>>>>>> .
>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>:
>>>>>>>> >>> >> >> >>>>>> >
>>>>>>>>>>>>>. >> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>, >
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>.
>>>>>> >>>>>>
dircolors(1)
>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>> >>
>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> ,,info
'(coreutils) ls invocation'"
>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>; >> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> 3
>>>
>>>>>>. >> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>.
>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >
>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>>
>->>>>>> TODO <>.
>>> coreutils 9.11 >>>>>> 2026 LS(1)