'\" t
.\"     Title: login.defs
.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 07/30/2026
.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.20.0
.\"  Language: Russian
.\"
.TH "login\&.defs" "5" "07/30/2026" "shadow\-utils 4\&.20\&.0" "File Formats and Configuration"
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.SH "ИМЯ"
login.defs \- содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей
.SH "ОПИСАНИЕ"
.PP
The
/etc/login\&.defs
file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
.PP
Файл представляет собой обычный текстовый файл; каждая строка описывает один параметр настройки\&. Строки состоят из названия параметра и его значения, которые разделяются пробельным символом\&. Пустые строки и комментарии игнорируются\&. Комментарии начинаются со знака фунта \(Fo#\(Fc, который должен быть первым непробельным символом в строке\&.
.PP
Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
\fIyes\fR
or
\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
\fIno\fR
value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
.PP
This configuration file controls the behavior of system tools for user and group management\&. The parameters may be used by shadow\-utils programs, PAM modules, and other system components\&. The actual behavior depends on the system configuration and which authentication mechanisms are enabled\&.
.PP
Возможны следующие параметры настройки:
.PP
\fBCHFN_RESTRICT\fR (string)
.RS 4
This parameter specifies which values in the
\fIgecos\fR
field of the
/etc/passwd
file may be changed by regular users using the
\fBchfn\fR
program\&. It can be any combination of letters
\fIf\fR,
\fIr\fR,
\fIw\fR,
\fIh\fR, for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively\&. For backward compatibility,
\fIyes\fR
is equivalent to
\fIrwh\fR
and
\fIno\fR
is equivalent to
\fIfrwh\fR\&. If not specified, only the superuser can make any changes\&. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not installing
\fBchfn\fR
SUID\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBCREATE_HOME\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
Определяет, должен ли создаваться по умолчанию домашний каталог для новых пользователей\&.
.sp
Эта переменная не влияет на системных пользователей и может быть переопределена из командной строки\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBDEFAULT_HOME\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
Определяет, можно ли войти в систему, если нельзя выполнить cd в домашний каталог\&. По умолчанию \(Fono\(Fc\&.
.sp
If set to
\fIyes\fR, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home directory\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR (string)
.RS 4
This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting passwords (if no algorithm is specified on the command line)\&.
.sp
It can take one of these values:
\fISHA256\fR,
\fISHA512\fR
(default),
\fIYESCRYPT\fR\&. See
crypt(5)
for recommendations\&.
.sp
Note: this only affects the generation of group passwords\&. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration\&. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration\&.
.sp
History: This variable is used by other programs, which may still default to unsafe algorithms such as DES\&. To avoid using unsafe algorithms, the variable should always be specified\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBENV_PATH\fR (string)
.RS 4
If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a regular user login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
\fI/bin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
\fIPATH=/bin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBENV_SUPATH\fR (string)
.RS 4
If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the superuser login\&. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
\fI/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR) and can be preceded by
\fIPATH=\fR\&. The default value is
\fIPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBFAIL_DELAY\fR (number)
.RS 4
Задержка в секундах перед повторной попыткой после неудачного входа\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBGID_MAX\fR (number), \fBGID_MIN\fR (number)
.RS 4
Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by
\fBuseradd\fR,
\fBgroupadd\fR, or
\fBnewusers\fR\&.
.sp
The default value for
\fBGID_MIN\fR
(resp\&.
\fBGID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBHOME_MODE\fR (number)
.RS 4
The mode for new home directories\&. If not specified, the
\fBUMASK\fR
is used to create the mode\&.
.sp
\fBuseradd\fR
and
\fBnewusers\fR
use this to set the mode of the home directory they create\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBHUSHLOGIN_FILE\fR (string)
.RS 4
Если определена, то этот файл может заблокировать все обычные переговоры (chatter) при входе\&. Если указан полный путь к файлу, то будет включён сокращённый (hushed) режим, если в этом файле указано имя пользователя или оболочка\&. Если указан не полный путь, то будет включён сокращённый (hushed) режим, если файл находится в домашнем каталоге пользователя\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR (number)
.RS 4
Highest user ID number for which the lastlog entries should be updated\&. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to create a huge sparse lastlog file for them\&.
.sp
No
\fBLASTLOG_UID_MAX\fR
option present in the configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing lastlog entries\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBLOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
Включить показ неизвестных имён пользователей при записи неудачных попыток входа\&.
.sp
Замечание: протоколирование неизвестных имён пользователя может привести к проблемам с безопасностью, если пользователь введёт свой пароль вместо своего имени\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBLOGIN_RETRIES\fR (number)
.RS 4
Максимальное количество попыток входа при вводе неверного пароля\&.
.sp
Наиболее вероятно это значение будет переопределено PAM, так как по умолчанию в модуле pam_unix определено 3 попытки\&. Однако, это значение является резервом, если вы используете модуль аутентификации, который не учитывает PAM_MAXTRIES\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBLOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR (number)
.RS 4
Максимальное время в секундах, отведённое на вход\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBMAIL_DIR\fR (string)
.RS 4
The mail spool directory\&. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its corresponding user account is modified or deleted\&. If not specified, a compile\-time default is used\&. The parameter CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL in
/etc/default/useradd
determines whether the mail spool should be created\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBMAIL_FILE\fR (string)
.RS 4
Определяет расположение почтовых файлов пользователя относительно домашнего каталога\&.
.RE
.PP
The
\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
and
\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
variables are used by
\fBuseradd\fR,
\fBusermod\fR, and
\fBuserdel\fR
to create, move, or delete the user\*(Aqs mail spool\&.
.PP
\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
.RS 4
Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
/etc/group
(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
.sp
Значение по умолчанию равно 0, означающее, что ограничения на количество членов в группе нет\&.
.sp
Данная возможность (разделение группы) позволяет ограничить длину строк в файле групп\&. Это полезно для ограничения длины строк групп NIS в 1024 символа\&.
.sp
Если вам нужно такое ограничение, укажите значение 25\&.
.sp
Замечание: разделение групп поддерживается не всеми инструментами (даже в наборе инструментов Shadow)\&. Вы не должны использовать эту переменную, если вам действительно это ненужно\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBNONEXISTENT\fR (string)
.RS 4
If a system account intentionally does not have a home directory that exists, this string can be provided in the /etc/passwd entry for the account to indicate this\&. The result is that pwck will not emit a spurious warning for this account\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number)
.RS 4
Максимальное число дней использования пароля\&. Если пароль старее этого числа, то будет запущена процедура смены пароля\&. Если значение не задано, то предполагается значение \-1 (то есть возможность ограничения не используется)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number)
.RS 4
The number of days warning given before a password expires\&. A zero means warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a value of \-1 means no warning is given\&. If not specified, no warning will be provided\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
.PP
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR (number), \fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR (number)
.RS 4
When
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
is set to
\fISHA256\fR
or
\fISHA512\fR, this defines the number of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number of rounds is not specified on the command line)\&.
.sp
With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute force the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
.sp
If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000), which is orders of magnitude too low for modern hardware\&.
.sp
Значения должны лежать в диапазоне 1000\-999999999\&.
.sp
If only one of the
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
or
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
values is set, then this value will be used\&.
.sp
If
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
>
\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR, the highest value will be used\&.
.sp
Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords\&. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration\&. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR (number)
.RS 4
If
/etc/subuid
exists, the commands
\fBuseradd\fR
and
\fBnewusers\fR
(unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
unused group IDs from the range
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR
to
\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
for each new user\&.
.sp
The default values for
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR,
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
If set to
\fIyes\fR, the commands
\fBuseradd\fR,
\fBusermod\fR, and
\fBnewusers\fR
will calculate subordinate GID ranges deterministically based on the user\*(Aqs UID instead of searching for the next free range\&. The formula used is:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
      start = SUB_GID_MIN + ((UID \- UID_MIN) * SUB_GID_COUNT)
      end   = start + SUB_GID_COUNT \- 1
    
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
This ensures the same UID always receives the same subordinate GID range on every system, making it suitable for environments with centralized user management (LDAP, NIS, etc\&.) or synchronized UIDs across systems\&.
.sp
If
\fBSUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC\fR
is enabled, you can use
\fBusermod \-\-add\-subgids \-S\fR
to produce deterministic subgids\&.
.sp
\fBWARNING\fR: Because
\fBUID_MIN\fR
is used to calculate the ranges, any change of
\fBUID_MIN\fR
will change the ranges calculated\&.
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
is used to calculate the ranges, any change of
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
will change the ranges calculated\&. Users with identities less than
\fBUID_MIN\fR
are incompatible with
\fBSUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC\fR, but can still be set manually\&.
.sp
\fBWARNING\fR: Do not mix deterministic and linear (default) allocation on the same system or across systems sharing
/etc/subgid
via network storage (NFS, etc\&.)\&. Mixing allocation methods
\fB will cause subordinate ID range conflicts and overlaps \fR\&.
.sp
The default value for
\fBSUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC\fR
is
\fIno\fR\&.
.SS "Range Calculation Examples"
With default configuration (\fBUID_MIN\fR=1000,
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR=100000,
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR=65536):
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB lB lB.
T{
UID
T}:T{
Calculation
T}:T{
Subordinate GID Range
T}
.T&
l l l
l l l
l l l
l l l.
T{
1000
T}:T{
100000 + ((1000\-1000) * 65536)
T}:T{
100000\-165535
T}
T{
1001
T}:T{
100000 + ((1001\-1000) * 65536)
T}:T{
165536\-231071
T}
T{
1002
T}:T{
100000 + ((1002\-1000) * 65536)
T}:T{
231072\-296607
T}
T{
1100
T}:T{
100000 + ((1100\-1000) * 65536)
T}:T{
6653600\-6719135
T}
.TE
.sp 1
.SS "Subordinate ID Space Planning"
When planning subordinate ID allocation, calculate the maximum number of users the space can accommodate:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
      capacity = (SUB_GID_MAX \- SUB_GID_MIN) / SUB_GID_COUNT
      
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
With default values: (600100000 \- 100000) / 65536 ≈ 9155 users\&.
.sp
For high\-density environments with many users and smaller allocations:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
        SUB_GID_COUNT  4096
        SUB_GID_MIN    100000
        SUB_GID_MAX    10000000
      
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
This gives: (10000000 \- 100000) / 4096 ≈ 2417 users\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBUNSAFE_SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
\fB WARNING: SECURITY RISK \- MAY CAUSE RANGE OVERLAPS AND PRIVILEGE ESCALATION! \fR
.sp
Only effective when
\fBSUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC\fR
is set to
\fIyes\fR\&.
.sp
When set to
\fIyes\fR
(WRAP MODE), allows the deterministic range calculation to wrap around using modulo arithmetic when a UID would overflow the configured subordinate ID space\&. The subordinate ID space is treated as a ring buffer\&.
.sp
\fBWARNING\fR: Range overlaps can lead to container escapes and privilege escalation\&. For example, with
\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR=100000,
\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR=200000,
\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR=65536, User A (UID 1000) gets range [100000, 165535] and User B (UID 1001) wraps and overlaps with User A\&. User B\*(Aqs container can now access files from User A\*(Aqs containers\&.
.sp
Use
\fBonly\fR
in development, testing, or tightly constrained lab environments\&.
.sp
When set to
\fIno\fR
(default), any arithmetic overflow or range exceeding
\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR
is a hard error\&. This guarantees non\-overlapping, monotonic allocation\&.
.sp
The default value for
\fBUNSAFE_SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP\fR
is
\fIno\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSUB_GID_STORE_BY_UID\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
If set to
\fIyes\fR, subordinate group ID entries in
/etc/subgid
are stored using the numeric user ID rather than the username\&. The default value is
\fIno\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR (number)
.RS 4
If
/etc/subuid
exists, the commands
\fBuseradd\fR
and
\fBnewusers\fR
(unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
unused user IDs from the range
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR
to
\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
for each new user\&.
.sp
The default values for
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR,
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
If set to
\fIyes\fR, the commands
\fBuseradd\fR,
\fBusermod\fR, and
\fBnewusers\fR
will calculate subordinate UID ranges deterministically based on the user\*(Aqs UID instead of searching for the next free range\&. The formula used is:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
      start = SUB_UID_MIN + ((UID \- UID_MIN) * SUB_UID_COUNT)
      end   = start + SUB_UID_COUNT \- 1
    
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
This ensures the same UID always receives the same subordinate UID range on every system, making it suitable for environments with centralized user management (LDAP, NIS, etc\&.) or synchronized UIDs across systems\&.
.sp
If
\fBSUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC\fR
is enabled, you can use
\fBusermod \-\-add\-subuids \-S\fR
to produce deterministic subuids\&.
.sp
\fBWARNING\fR: Because
\fBUID_MIN\fR
is used to calculate the ranges, any change of
\fBUID_MIN\fR
will change the ranges calculated\&.
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
is used to calculate the ranges, any change of
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
will change the ranges calculated\&. Users with identities less than
\fBUID_MIN\fR
are incompatible with
\fBSUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC\fR, but can still be set manually\&.
.sp
\fBWARNING\fR: Do not mix deterministic and linear (default) allocation on the same system or across systems sharing
/etc/subuid
via network storage (NFS, etc\&.)\&. Mixing allocation methods
\fB will cause subordinate ID range conflicts and overlaps \fR\&.
.sp
The default value for
\fBSUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC\fR
is
\fIno\fR\&.
.SS "Range Calculation Examples"
With default configuration (\fBUID_MIN\fR=1000,
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR=100000,
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR=65536):
.TS
allbox tab(:);
lB lB lB.
T{
UID
T}:T{
Calculation
T}:T{
Subordinate UID Range
T}
.T&
l l l
l l l
l l l
l l l.
T{
1000
T}:T{
100000 + ((1000\-1000) * 65536)
T}:T{
100000\-165535
T}
T{
1001
T}:T{
100000 + ((1001\-1000) * 65536)
T}:T{
165536\-231071
T}
T{
1002
T}:T{
100000 + ((1002\-1000) * 65536)
T}:T{
231072\-296607
T}
T{
1100
T}:T{
100000 + ((1100\-1000) * 65536)
T}:T{
6653600\-6719135
T}
.TE
.sp 1
.SS "Subordinate ID Space Planning"
When planning subordinate ID allocation, calculate the maximum number of users the space can accommodate:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
      capacity = (SUB_UID_MAX \- SUB_UID_MIN) / SUB_UID_COUNT
      
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
With default values: (600100000 \- 100000) / 65536 ≈ 9155 users\&.
.sp
For high\-density environments with many users and smaller allocations:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
        SUB_UID_COUNT  4096
        SUB_UID_MIN    100000
        SUB_UID_MAX    10000000
      
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
This gives: (10000000 \- 100000) / 4096 ≈ 2417 users\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBUNSAFE_SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
\fB WARNING: SECURITY RISK \- MAY CAUSE RANGE OVERLAPS AND PRIVILEGE ESCALATION! \fR
.sp
Only effective when
\fBSUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC\fR
is set to
\fIyes\fR\&.
.sp
When set to
\fIyes\fR
(WRAP MODE), allows the deterministic range calculation to wrap around using modulo arithmetic when a UID would overflow the configured subordinate ID space\&. The subordinate ID space is treated as a ring buffer\&.
.sp
\fBWARNING\fR: Range overlaps can lead to container escapes and privilege escalation\&. For example, with
\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR=100000,
\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR=200000,
\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR=65536, User A (UID 1000) gets range [100000, 165535] and User B (UID 1001) wraps and overlaps with User A\&. User B\*(Aqs container can now access files from User A\*(Aqs containers\&.
.sp
Use
\fBonly\fR
in development, testing, or tightly constrained lab environments\&.
.sp
When set to
\fIno\fR
(default), any arithmetic overflow or range exceeding
\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR
is a hard error\&. This guarantees non\-overlapping, monotonic allocation\&.
.sp
The default value for
\fBUNSAFE_SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP\fR
is
\fIno\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSUB_UID_STORE_BY_UID\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
If set to
\fIyes\fR, subordinate user ID entries in
/etc/subuid
are stored using the numeric user ID rather than the username\&. The default value is
\fIno\fR\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR (number)
.RS 4
Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by
\fBuseradd\fR,
\fBgroupadd\fR, or
\fBnewusers\fR\&.
.sp
The default value for
\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR
(resp\&.
\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
\fBGID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR (number), \fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR (number)
.RS 4
Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by
\fBuseradd\fR
or
\fBnewusers\fR\&.
.sp
The default value for
\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR
(resp\&.
\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR) is 101 (resp\&.
\fBUID_MIN\fR\-1)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBSYSLOG_SG_ENAB\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
Enable "syslog" logging of
\fBsg\fR
activity\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBTTYGROUP\fR (string), \fBTTYPERM\fR (number)
.RS 4
The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the
\fBTTYGROUP\fR
group, and the permissions will be set to
\fBTTYPERM\fR\&.
.sp
\fBTTYGROUP\fR
can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier\&.
.sp
If TTYGROUP is not defined, then the group ownership of the terminal is set to the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. If TTYPERM is not defined, then the permissions are set to
\fI0600\fR\&.
.sp
If you have a
\fBwrite\fR
program which is "setgid" to a special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620\&. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBUID_MAX\fR (number), \fBUID_MIN\fR (number)
.RS 4
Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by
\fBuseradd\fR
or
\fBnewusers\fR\&.
.sp
The default value for
\fBUID_MIN\fR
(resp\&.
\fBUID_MAX\fR) is 1000 (resp\&. 60000)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBUMASK\fR (number)
.RS 4
Задаёт начальное значение маски доступа для создаваемых файлов\&. Если не указано, то маска устанавливается в 022\&.
.sp
\fBuseradd\fR
and
\fBnewusers\fR
use this mask to set the mode of the home directory they create if
\fBHOME_MODE\fR
is not set\&.
.sp
It is also used by
\fBpam_umask\fR
as the default umask value\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBUSERDEL_CMD\fR (string)
.RS 4
Определяет программу, которая будет запущена при удалении пользователя\&. Она должна удалять любые задания at/cron/печати удаляемого пользователя (передаётся в качестве первого аргумента)\&.
.sp
Возвращаемый сценарием код завершения не учитывается\&.
.sp
Here is an example script, which removes the user\*(Aqs cron, at and print jobs:
.sp
.if n \{\
.RS 4
.\}
.nf
#! /bin/sh

# Check for the required argument\&.
if [ $# != 1 ]; then
	echo "Usage: $0 username"
	exit 1
fi

# Remove cron jobs\&.
crontab \-r \-u $1

# Remove at jobs\&.
# Note that it will remove any jobs owned by the same UID,
# even if it was shared by a different username\&.
AT_SPOOL_DIR=/var/spool/cron/atjobs
find $AT_SPOOL_DIR \-name "[^\&.]*" \-type f \-user $1 \-delete \e;

# Remove print jobs\&.
lprm $1

# All done\&.
exit 0
      
.fi
.if n \{\
.RE
.\}
.sp
.RE
.PP
\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR (boolean)
.RS 4
If set to
\fIyes\fR,
\fBuserdel\fR
will remove the user\*(Aqs group if it contains no more members, and
\fBuseradd\fR
will create by default a group with the name of the user\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBYESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR\fR (number)
.RS 4
When
\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
is set to
\fIYESCRYPT\fR, this defines the cost factor used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the cost factor is not specified on the command line)\&.
.sp
With a high cost factor, it is more difficult to brute force the password\&. But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users\&.
.sp
The value must be inside the 1\-11 range\&.
.sp
Note: this only affect the generation of group passwords\&. The generation of user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration\&. It is recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration\&.
.RE
.SH "ПЕРЕКРЁСТНЫЕ ССЫЛКИ"
.PP
Следующие перекрёстные ссылки отражают связь между программами и их параметрам из набора для работы с теневыми паролями\&.
.PP
chfn
.RS 4
CHFN_RESTRICT
.RE
.PP
chgpasswd
.RS 4
ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR
.RE
.PP
chpasswd
.RS 4
SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR
.RE
.PP
gpasswd
.RS 4
ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR
.RE
.PP
groupadd
.RS 4
GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
.RE
.PP
groupdel
.RS 4
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
.RE
.PP
groupmod
.RS 4
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
.RE
.PP
grpck
.RS 4
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
.RE
.PP
grpconv
.RS 4
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
.RE
.PP
grpunconv
.RS 4
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
.RE
.PP
lastlog
.RS 4
LASTLOG_UID_MAX
.RE
.PP
newgrp / sg
.RS 4
SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
.RE
.PP
newusers
.RS 4
ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_GID_STORE_BY_UID SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_UID_STORE_BY_UID SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK UNSAFE_SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP UNSAFE_SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP
YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR
.RE
.PP
pwck
.RS 4
PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
.RE
.PP
pwconv
.RS 4
PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
.RE
.PP
useradd
.RS 4
CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_GID_STORE_BY_UID SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_UID_STORE_BY_UID SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK UNSAFE_SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP UNSAFE_SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP
.RE
.PP
userdel
.RS 4
MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
.RE
.PP
usermod
.RS 4
LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC UNSAFE_SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP UNSAFE_SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP
.RE
.SH "ОШИБКИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ"
.PP
Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password suite is now handled by PAM\&. Thus,
/etc/login\&.defs
is no longer used by
\fBpasswd\fR(1), or less used by
\fBlogin\fR(1), and
\fBsu\fR(1)\&. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead\&.
.SH "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"
.PP
\fBlogin\fR(1),
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
\fBsu\fR(1),
\fBpasswd\fR(5),
\fBshadow\fR(5),
\fBpam\fR(8)\&.