LOGIN(1) >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> LOGIN(1)
>>>>>
login - >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>
login [-p] [-s shell] [-h host] [-H] [[-f] username|UID]
>>>>
login >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>. >>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>,
login >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>'>
>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>> >>>>>,
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>> >>
>>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>. >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>. >>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> login >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>> >>'>>>> >>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>. LOGIN_RETRIES >
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>.
If password aging has been enabled for the account, the user may be
prompted for a new password before proceeding. In such a case, the old
password must be provided and the new password entered before
continuing. Please refer to passwd(1) for more information.
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> > >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>> > >>>>> /etc/passwd.
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>. >
>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>. >> >>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>, >>>>>> > >>>>>>>
>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>> $HOME, $USER, $SHELL, $PATH,
$LOGNAME > $MAIL >>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >
>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> $PATH > /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin >>>
root, >>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>.
The environment variable $TERM will be preserved, if it exists, else it
will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty. The environment
variables $COLORTERM and $NO_COLOR will be preserved if they exist.
Other environment variables are preserved if the -p option is given or
if LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST defined in /etc/login.defs (see below).
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>, >>>
>>>>>>>>> PAM, >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>.
Then the user's shell is started. If no shell is specified for the user
with -s or in /etc/passwd, then /bin/sh is used. If the specified shell
contains a space, it is treated as a shell script. If there is no home
directory specified in /etc/passwd, then / is used, followed by
.hushlogin check as described below.
>>>> >>>>> >>>> .hushlogin, >>>>
>>>>>>>> <<>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>> >>>>>>>. >> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>.
>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>, >>>>
>>>>> /var/log/lastlog, >>>> >>>>>>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>, >
>>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>>
-p
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> getty(8) >>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> login >>> >>, >>
>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>. >>>. >>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST.
-f
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>,
>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>.
>>> >>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>>,
>>>>>>>>>>>> getty(8) >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>.
-h
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> (>>>>>>> telnetd(8)) >>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> login,
>>> >> >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>> > utmp > wtmp. >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>, >> >>>>>>>> -h
>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>
PAM. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>> > login, >>> >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> -h,
>>>>>> >>>> remote. >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> PAM
(>>>>>>>>>, /etc/pam.d/login >
/etc/pam.d/remote).
-H
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> (>>>>>>>>>, telnetd(8))
>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> login >>>
>>, >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> > >>>>>> login: >>>>
>>>>>>>>>. >>>. >>>>>,
LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT >>>>>.
-s, --shell >>>>>>>>
Specify a shell, other than the one defined in /etc/passwd, to log
in to.
-h, --help
>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>.
-V, --version
>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>
>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>.
>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
login >>>>> >>>> > >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> /etc/logindefs (>>>
login.defs(5)). >>>>>>>>, >> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>
(>>>>>>>>, shadow-utils). >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> login:
MOTD_FILE (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> <<:>> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> <<>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>, >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>.
>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >
>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>>>
.motd > >>>>>>> >>>>>> >
>>>>> >>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
/usr/share/misc/motd:/run/motd:/etc/motd. >>>>
>>>>> MOTD_FILE > >>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>, >>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>
>>>> >>>>>>>>. >>>>>>>>,
>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
PAM pam_motd(8).
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
MOTD_FILE >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>> 2.36.
>>>>>>>>, >> > login >>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>, >>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>> pam_motd (>>>. >>>>>
MOTD_FIRSTONLY), >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>
>>> >>>> > >>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> > >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> /run/motd.d, >
>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>.
MOTD_FIRSTONLY (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> login >>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>> MOTD_FILE >>>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> > >>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>, >> >>>>>>> >
>>>>> >>>>>>> > >>>>>
>>>>>>>. >> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> login >> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >> pam_motd.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > no
(<<>>>>).
LOGIN_ENV_SAFELIST (>>>>>)
Forces login to protect the specified environment variables if -p
is not used. The string value is a comma-separated list of variable
names. For example: "LANG,LC_MESSAGES,LC_COLLATE". The safelist is
ignored for the environment variables HOME, SHELL and USER.
LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>>> login, >>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>
>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>> login:. >>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> -H.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > no
(<<>>>>).
LOGIN_TIMEOUT (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >
>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >>
>>>>>>>. >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> > 60.
LOGIN_RETRIES (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > 3.
LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> login >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>, >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>> >>'>
>>>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > no
(<<>>>>).
FAIL_DELAY (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>.
>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>> 5.
TTYPERM (>>>>>)
>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > 0600
>>> 0620, >>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> tty. >>>. >>>>> mesg(1).
TTYGROUP (>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>> TTYGROUP.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > tty.
>>>> >>>>>>> TTYGROUP >> >>>>>,
>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>> TTYGROUP >>>> >>>>
>>> >>>>> >>>>>, >>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>. >>>. >>>>> mesg(1).
HUSHLOGIN_FILE (>>>>>)
>>>> >>>>>>>>>, >>> >>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>
>>> >>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >> >>>>>>>. >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>
>>>>> (>>>>>>>>>, /etc/hushlogins),
>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>, >>>> >
>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>'>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>. >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >
>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>
>> >>>>, >>>>> >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>, >>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>>> /etc/hushlogins, > >>>>
>>>> >> >>>>>, ~/.hushlogin.
>>>> >>>>> HUSHLOGIN_FILE >
>>>>>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>.
DEFAULT_HOME (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>, >> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>, >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>.
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> yes, >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> (/), >>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>. >>>>>>> >
>>>>>>>> yes.
LASTLOG_UID_MAX (>>>> >>>>> >>>
>>>>>)
>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>, >>> >>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
lastlog. >>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>
>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> lastlog >>> >>>. >>>> >
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>> LASTLOG_UID_MAX,
>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>
lastlog >> >>>>. >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> > ULONG_MAX.
LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> > no.
>>>>>>>>>>: >>>>>>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>.
ENV_PATH (>>>>>)
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> PATH >>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
ENV_ROOTPATH (>>>>>), ENV_SUPATH (>>>>>)
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>,
>>>>>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> PATH >>> >>>>>
>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
>>>>>>>>> >>> ENV_ROOTPATH.
>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin.
LOGIN_SHELL_FALLBACK (boolean)
If set to yes, login will provide a valid shell from /etc/shells
when the shell specified in /etc/passwd is invalid or inaccessible
due to administrative errors. This ensures users can still log in.
However, it may bypass intended shell restrictions, potentially
causing unexpected behavior if the fallback shell differs from the
configured one.
>>>>>
/var/run/utmp, /var/log/wtmp, /var/log/lastlog, /var/spool/mail/*,
/etc/motd, /etc/passwd, /etc/nologin, /etc/pam.d/login,
/etc/pam.d/remote, /etc/hushlogins, $HOME/.hushlogin
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
> login >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>> systemd (>>>.
). login >>>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> systemd:
login.noauth (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>)
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>,
>>>>>>>>>> login >>
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>
>> >>>>>>>>> -f.
>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> BSD -r >>
>>>>>>>>>>>. >>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>
>>>>>>> rlogind(8).
>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>, >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>> > >>>>> >>>>>
>>>>, >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>;
>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> > su(1).
>>>>>>>, > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>, login >>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> vhangup(2) >>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>->>>>
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>
>>>>>>>>>. >>> >>>>>>>>,
>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>. >>> >>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> login vhangup(2) >>>>>>>>
>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>, >>>>>>>> >>>>
>>> >> > >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>.
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> exec login >
>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>
>>> xterm.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >>> BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89),
>>>>>>> >>>> > Michael Glad ,
>>> HP-UX. >>>>>>>>> >> Linux 0.12: Peter
Orbaek . >>>>>>>>>> >>
>>>>>>, >>> >>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>> PAM, Karel Zak .
>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
mail(1), passwd(1), passwd(5), utmp(5), environ(7), getty(8), init(8),
lastlog(8), shutdown(8)
>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>>
>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>
>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> login > >>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> util-linux, >>>> >>>>>
>>>>>>>> > >>>>>> >>>> Linux
.
util-linux 2.42.3 2026-09-02 LOGIN(1)