IMPORTCTL(1) importctl IMPORTCTL(1) importctl - importctl [...] {} [...] importctl systemd-importd.service(8). importctl ( DDIs) ( tar) OCI. : o systemd-vmspawn(1) systemd-nspawn(1) machinectl(1). o portablectl(1). o (sysext) systemd-sysext(8). o (confext) systemd-confext(8). --class=: 1. +----------------+----------------------+ | | | +----------------+----------------------+ |"machine" | /var/lib/machines/ | +----------------+----------------------+ |"portable" | /var/lib/portables/ | +----------------+----------------------+ |"sysext" | /var/lib/extensions/ | +----------------+----------------------+ |"confext" | /var/lib/confexts/ | +----------------+----------------------+ : pull-tar URL [NAME] .tar --class=. "http://" "https://" .tar .tar.gz .tar.xz .tar.bz2. . --verify=no. .sha256 .sha256.asc .sha256.gpg SHA256SUMS SHA256SUMS.asc SHA256SUMS.gpg . .tar. --verify=checksum SHA256 .sha256 SHA256SUMS. --verify=signature sha GPG .sha256 SHA256SUMS. /usr/lib/systemd/import-pubring.pgp /etc/systemd/import-pubring.pgp. -keep-download=yes / HTTP etag ( HTTP ETag[1] ). . . "-" . Control-c . - . 256. pull-raw [] .raw --class=. "http://" "https://". qcow2 raw .gz .xz .bz2. . raw tar ( ). qcow2 . -keep-download=yes URL HTTP . . URL . "-" . Control-c . - . 256. pull-oci REF [NAME] OCI --class=. OCI "library/nginx". URL . HTTPS. Control-c . - . 260. import-tar FILE [NAME], import-raw FILE [NAME] TAR RAW --class=. import-tar tar(1) xz(1) gzip(1) zstd(1) bzip2(1). / . import-raw qcow2 xz gzip zstd bzip2. ( ) . "-" . . list cancel-transfer. 256. import-fs DIRECTORY [NAME] --class= import-tar import-raw . btrfs(8) . 256. export-tar NAME [FILE], export-raw NAME [FILE] TAR RAW . . TAR RAW. ".gz" gzip(1) ".xz" xz(1) ".zst" zstd(1) ".bz2" bzip2(1). . . --format=. . list cancel-transfer. TAR RAW. 256. list-transfer . 256. cancel-transfer ID... . list. 256. list-images / . 256. : --read-only pull-raw pull-tar import-raw import-tar import-fs . 256. --verify= . "no" "checksum" "signature". "no" . "checksum" . "signature" . "signature" . "signature". 256. --force . 256. --format= export-tar export-raw . "uncompressed" "xz" "gzip" "zst" "bzip2". . 256. -q --quiet . 256. -H --host= . "@" . ssh ":" "/" . SSH . machinectl -H . IPv6 . -M --machine= systemd-importd.service(8) . 256. --class=, -m, -P, -S, -C . . --class= "machine" "portable" "sysext" "confext" . -m -P -S -C --class=machine --class=portable --class=sysext --class=confext. --keep-download= --class=machine . 256. --keep-download=, -N . pull-raw pull-tar . --class=machine . -N --keep-download=no. 256. --json= JSON. : "short" ( ) "pretty" ( ) "off" ( JSON ). -j --json=pretty --json=short . --no-pager (pager). --no-legend . --no-ask-password . -h --help . --version . 1. TAR # importctl pull-tar -mN https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/jammy/current/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64-root.tar.xz # systemd-nspawn -M jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64-root .tar systemd-nspawn(1) . 2. RAW # importctl pull-raw -mN \ https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/jammy/current/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64-disk-kvm.img \ jammy # systemd-firstboot --image=/var/lib/machines/jammy.raw --prompt-root-password --force # machinectl start jammy # machinectl login jammy .raw "jammy". systemd-firstboot(1). . . 3. tar # importctl export-tar -m fedora myfedora.tar.xz "fedora" tar xz myfedora.tar.xz . 0 . $SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL ( ). . ( ) emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug 0 7. syslog(3) . console syslog kmsg journal (: SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug,console:info debug info). . $SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR . tty . journalctl(1) . $SYSTEMD_LOG_TIME . . journalctl(1) . $SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION . . . . $SYSTEMD_LOG_TID . (TID). . . $SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET . : console ( ) console-prefixed ( "" syslog(3) kmsg ( ) journal ( ) journal-or-kmsg ( kmsg ) auto ( ) null ( ). $SYSTEMD_LOG_RATELIMIT_KMSG kmsg . . "true". systemd kmsg. $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER --no-pager. $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER. $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER less(1) more(1) . . "cat" --no-pager. : $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER ( "cat" "") . $SYSTEMD_LESS less ( "FRSXMK"). : K Ctrl+C. less Ctrl+C . $SYSTEMD_LESS "K" less Ctrl+C . X termcap . . . $LESS less systemd. less(1) . $SYSTEMD_LESSCHARSET less ( "utf-8" UTF-8). $LESSCHARSET less systemd. $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE (pager) less(1) "" . sudo(8) pkexec(1) . . " " ( ). " " --no-pager PAGER=cat . . (true) " " . " " LESSSECURE=1 . less(1) " ". false (pager). SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE=0 . $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE systemd " " . " " (UID) geteuid(2) sd_pid_get_owner_uid(3) sudo(8) ($SUDO_UID [2]). SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE=1 " " . . $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE . $SYSTEMD_PAGER $PAGER $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE . $SYSTEMD_COLORS (boolean) . ( ) systemd . $COLORTERM "truecolor" "24bit" 24 256 $NO_COLOR $TERM . true $NO_COLOR. false . "16" "256" "24bit" ANSI 16 256 24 . "auto-16" "auto-256" "auto-24bit" $TERM . $SYSTEMD_URLIFY . . systemd $TERM . systemd(1), systemd-importd.service(8), systemd-nspawn(1), systemd-vmspawn(1), machinectl(1), portablectl(1), systemd-sysext(8), systemd-confext(8), tar(1), xz(1), gzip(1), zstd(1), bzip2(1) 1. HTTP ETag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_ETag 2. $SUDO_UID . 3 . . : . systemd 260.2 IMPORTCTL(1)