getaddrinfo(3) Library Functions Manual getaddrinfo(3) getaddrinfo, freeaddrinfo, gai_strerror - (libc -lc) #include #include #include int getaddrinfo(const char *restrict node, const char *restrict service, const struct addrinfo *restrict hints, struct addrinfo **restrict res); void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res); const char *gai_strerror(int errcode); glibc ( feature_test_macros(7)): getaddrinfo(), freeaddrinfo(), gai_strerror(): glibc 2.22: _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L glibc 2.21 : _POSIX_C_SOURCE node service getaddrinfo() addrinfo bind(2) connect(2). getaddrinfo() gethostbyname(3) getservbyname(3) getaddrinfo() IPv4 IPv6. addrinfo getaddrinfo() : struct addrinfo { int ai_flags; int ai_family; int ai_socktype; int ai_protocol; socklen_t ai_addrlen; struct sockaddr *ai_addr; char *ai_canonname; struct addrinfo *ai_next; }; hints addrinfo res. hints NULL addrinfo ai_family ai_socktype ai_protocol getaddrinfo() : ai_family . AF_INET AF_UNSPEC. AF_UNSPEC getaddrinfo() ( IPv4 IPv6) node service. ai_socktype SOCK_STREAM SOCK_DGRAM. 0 getaddrinfo(). ai_protocol . 0 getaddrinfo(). ai_flags . OR . hints 0 . hints NULL ai_socktype ai_protocol 0 ai_family AF_UNSPEC ai_flags (AI_V4MAPPED | AI_ADDRCONFIG). ( POSIX ai_flags .) node ( IPv4 inet_aton(3) IPv6 inet_pton(3)) . hints.ai_flags AI_NUMERICHOST node . AI_NUMERICHOST . AI_PASSIVE hints.ai_flags node NULL bind(2) accept(2) . " " (INADDR_ANY IPv4 IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT IPv6). ( ) . node NULL AI_PASSIVE . AI_PASSIVE hints.ai_flags connect(2) sendto(2) sendmsg(2). node NULL (INADDR_LOOPBACK IPv4 IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK_INIT IPv6) . service . ( services(5)) . . service NULL . AI_NUMERICSERV hints.ai_flags service NULL service . . node service NULL. getaddrinfo() addrinfo node service hints res. ai_next. addrinfo : ( AF_INET AF_INET6) ( SOCK_STREAM SOCK_DGRAM ). . getaddrinfo() RFC 3484 /etc/gai.conf ( glibc 2.5). hints.ai_flags AI_CANONNAME ai_canonname addrinfo . addrinfo : o ai_family ai_socktype ai_protocol ( socket(2)). ai_family AF_INET AF_INET6 ai_socktype SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_STREAM ai_protocol . o ai_addr ai_addrlen. hints.ai_flags AI_ADDRCONFIG IPv4 res IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 . . IPv4 getaddrinfo() IPv6 connect(2) bind(2). hints.ai_flags AI_V4MAPPED hints.ai_family AF_INET6 IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 res. AI_V4MAPPED AI_ALL hints.ai_flags IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 res. AI_ALL AI_V4MAPPED . freeaddrinfo() res. getaddrinfo() glibc 2.3.4 getaddrinfo() (IDN) ( RFC 3490 (IDNA)). : AI_IDN node IDN . . ASCII IDN. ( ) ASCII ASCII (ACE) . AI_CANONIDN AI_CANONNAME getaddrinfo() addrinfo . . ACE xn-- . AI_CANONIDN AI_CANONNAME. . AI_IDN_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED AI_IDN_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES IDNA_ALLOW_UNASSIGNED ( ) IDNA_USE_STD3_ASCII_RULES ( STD3) IDNA. getaddrinfo() 0 : EAI_ADDRFAMILY . EAI_AGAIN . . EAI_BADFLAGS hints.ai_flags hints.ai_flags AI_CANONNAME node . EAI_FAIL . EAI_FAMILY . EAI_MEMORY . EAI_NODATA . EAI_NONAME node service AI_NUMERICSERV hints.ai_flags service . EAI_SERVICE . . service "shell" ( ) hints.ai_protocol IPPROTO_UDP hints.ai_socktype SOCK_DGRAM service hints.ai_socktype SOCK_RAW ( ). EAI_SOCKTYPE . hints.ai_socktype hints.ai_protocol ( SOCK_DGRAM IPPROTO_TCP ). EAI_SYSTEM errno . gai_strerror() . /etc/gai.conf attributes(7). +----------------------+------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | | +----------------------+------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |getaddrinfo() | | (MT-Safe) | +----------------------+------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |freeaddrinfo(), | | MT-Safe | |gai_strerror() | | | +----------------------+------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ POSIX.1 hints NULL ai_flags 0. GNU C (AI_V4MAPPED | AI_ADDRCONFIG) . POSIX.1-2008. getaddrinfo() RFC 2553. POSIX.1-2001. AI_ADDRCONFIG AI_ALL AI_V4MAPPED glibc 2.3.3. AI_NUMERICSERV glibc 2.3.4. getaddrinfo() address%scope-id IPv6 scope-ID. getaddrinfo() gai_strerror() freeaddrinfo() getnameinfo(3). UDP. #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define BUF_SIZE 500 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sfd, s; char buf[BUF_SIZE]; ssize_t nread; socklen_t peer_addrlen; struct addrinfo hints; struct addrinfo *result, *rp; struct sockaddr_storage peer_addr; if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s port\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; /* Allow IPv4 or IPv6 */ hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /* Datagram socket */ hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; /* For wildcard IP address */ hints.ai_protocol = 0; /* Any protocol */ hints.ai_canonname = NULL; hints.ai_addr = NULL; hints.ai_next = NULL; s = getaddrinfo(NULL, argv[1], &hints, &result); if (s != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(s)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* getaddrinfo() returns a list of address structures. Try each address until we successfully bind(2). If socket(2) (or bind(2)) fails, we (close the socket and) try the next address. */ for (rp = result; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next) { sfd = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol); if (sfd == -1) continue; if (bind(sfd, rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen) == 0) break; /* Success */ close(sfd); } freeaddrinfo(result); /* No longer needed */ if (rp == NULL) { /* No address succeeded */ fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Read datagrams and echo them back to sender. */ for (;;) { char host[NI_MAXHOST], service[NI_MAXSERV]; peer_addrlen = sizeof(peer_addr); nread = recvfrom(sfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &peer_addr, &peer_addrlen); if (nread == -1) continue; /* Ignore failed request */ s = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *) &peer_addr, peer_addrlen, host, NI_MAXHOST, service, NI_MAXSERV, NI_NUMERICSERV); if (s == 0) printf("Received %zd bytes from %s:%s\n", nread, host, service); else fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(s)); if (sendto(sfd, buf, nread, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &peer_addr, peer_addrlen) != nread) { fprintf(stderr, "Error sending response\n"); } } } #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define BUF_SIZE 500 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sfd, s; char buf[BUF_SIZE]; size_t size; ssize_t nread; struct addrinfo hints; struct addrinfo *result, *rp; if (argc < 3) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s host port msg...\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Obtain address(es) matching host/port. */ memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; /* Allow IPv4 or IPv6 */ hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /* Datagram socket */ hints.ai_flags = 0; hints.ai_protocol = 0; /* Any protocol */ s = getaddrinfo(argv[1], argv[2], &hints, &result); if (s != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(s)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* getaddrinfo() returns a list of address structures. Try each address until we successfully connect(2). If socket(2) (or connect(2)) fails, we (close the socket and) try the next address. */ for (rp = result; rp != NULL; rp = rp->ai_next) { sfd = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol); if (sfd == -1) continue; if (connect(sfd, rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen) != -1) break; /* Success */ close(sfd); } freeaddrinfo(result); /* No longer needed */ if (rp == NULL) { /* No address succeeded */ fprintf(stderr, "Could not connect\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Send remaining command-line arguments as separate datagrams, and read responses from server. */ for (size_t j = 3; j < argc; j++) { size = strlen(argv[j]) + 1; /* +1 for terminating null byte */ if (size > BUF_SIZE) { fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring long message in argument %zu\n", j); continue; } if (write(sfd, argv[j], size) != size) { fprintf(stderr, "partial/failed write\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } nread = read(sfd, buf, BUF_SIZE); if (nread == -1) { perror("read"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("Received %zd bytes: %s\n", nread, buf); } exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } getaddrinfo_a(3), gethostbyname(3), getnameinfo(3), inet(3), gai.conf(5), hostname(7), ip(7) 3 . . : . 6.18 8 2026 getaddrinfo(3)