GDALWARP(1) GDAL GDALWARP(1) (NAME) gdalwarp - (SYNOPSIS) Usage: gdalwarp [--help] [--long-usage] [--help-general] [--quiet] [-overwrite] [-of ] [-co =]... [-s_srs ] [-t_srs ] [[-srcalpha]|[-nosrcalpha]] [-dstalpha] [-tr |square] [-ts ] [-te ] [-te_srs ] [-r near|bilinear|cubic|cubicspline|lanczos|average|rms|mode|min|max|med|q1|q3|sum] [-ot Byte|Int8|[U]Int{16|32|64}|CInt{16|32}|[C]Float{32|64}] ... Advanced options: [-wo =]... [-multi] [-s_coord_epoch ] [-t_coord_epoch ] [-ct ] [[-tps]|[-rpc]|[-geoloc]] [-order <1|2|3>] [-refine_gcps []] [-to =]... [-et ] [-wm ] [-srcnodata "[ ]..."] [-dstnodata "[ ]..."] [-tap] [-wt Byte|Int8|[U]Int{16|32|64}|CInt{16|32}|[C]Float{32|64}] [-cutline |] [-cutline_srs ] [-cwhere ] [[-cl ]|[-csql ]] [-cblend ] [-crop_to_cutline] [-nomd] [-cvmd ] [-setci] [-oo =]... [-doo =]... [-ovr |AUTO|AUTO-|NONE] [[-vshift]|[-novshiftgrid]] [-if ]... [-srcband ]... [-dstband ]... (DESCRIPTION) gdalwarp ( ) . (GCP) . : "gdal": o gdal raster reproject o gdal raster update --help --help-general GDAL -q, --quiet -b -srcband 3.7 . ( ). . . . ( -dstband ). ( -nosrcalpha ). . gdalwarp in_bgrn.tif out_rgb.tif -b 3 -b 2 -b 1 -overwrite -dstband 3.7 . . . gdal_create -if in_red.tif -bands 3 out_rgb.tif gdalwarp in_red.tif out_rgb.tif -srcband 1 -dstband 1 gdalwarp in_green.tif out_rgb.tif -srcband 1 -dstband 2 gdalwarp in_blue.tif out_rgb.tif -srcband 1 -dstband 3 -srcband -dstband -srcband . -dstalpha . -dstband -dstband 1 -dstband 2 ... -dstband N N ( -srcband ). -s_srs . SRS . OGRSpatialReference.SetFromUserInput() CRS EPSG ( EPSG:4296) WKT CRS PROJ.4 .prj WKT CRS . SRS . -s_coord_epoch 3.4 . SRS . SRS CRS . -s_srs . PROJ 9.4 -s_coord_epoch -t_coord_epoch CRS . -t_srs (). SRS . SRS ( ) -s_srs . OGRSpatialReference.SetFromUserInput() CRS EPSG ( EPSG:4296) WKT CRS PROJ.4 .prj WKT CRS. SRS . -t_coord_epoch 3.4 . SRS . SRS CRS . -t_srs . PROJ 9.4 -s_coord_epoch -t_coord_epoch . -ct PROJ ( +proj=pipeline ) WKT2 CoordinateOperation URN urn:ogc:def:coordinateOperation:EPSG::XXXX CRS . CRS CRS northing/easting step proj=axisswap order=2,1 / CRS northing/easting . -t_srs CRS CoordinateOperation . 3.0 . -to = GDALCreateGenImgProjTransformer2(). RPC GDALCreateRPCTransformerV2() . -vshift (vertical shift). (-ct) SRS . 3.4 . -novshift SRS . : GDAL 3.3 -novshiftgrid . 3.4 . -order ( ). GCP . -tps (Thin Plate Spline) GCP . : Thin Plate Spline GCP ( numGCPs * numGCPs * 8 ) . -rpc RPC. -geoloc (Geolocation Arrays). -et . . RPC_DEM err_threshold=0 . -refine_gcps [] GCP (outliers). minimum_gcps . GCP . GCP . SRS . minimum_gcps GCP . -te ( SRS SRS -te_srs). -te_srs SRS -te . GDAL/OGR WKT PROJ.4 EPSG:n WKT . -t_srs SRS . -te_srs SRS / (projected) . -tr | -tr square () ( ). ( -te -ts ) gdalwarp xres=yres . GDAL 3.7 -tr -ts ( RPC) () ( xres=yres ). square -tr . -tap (target aligned pixels) -tr (/ GDAL 3.8 ). xmin / resx ymin / resy xmax / resx ymax / resy . . -ts ( ). . -ts -tr . -ovr |AUTO|AUTO-|NONE (overview) . AUTO . ( 0= ) . AUTO-n n AUTO . NONE ( ). -wo = (warp option). GDALWarpOptions::papszWarpOptions . -wo . -ot : Byte Int8 UInt16 Int16 UInt32 Int32 UInt64 Int64 Float32 Float64 CInt16 CInt32 CFloat32 CFloat64. -wt . . -r (Resampling method) . : near: ( COG ). bilinear: (). cubic: ( COG). cubicspline: . lanczos: (Lanczos windowed sinc). average: NODATA . rms: / NODATA ( GDAL >= 3.3). mode: () . . max: NODATA . min: NODATA . med: NODATA . q1: NODATA . q3: NODATA . sum: NODATA ( GDAL 3.1). : (downsampling - -tr -ts) ( / ) . -r . JPEG2000 (wavelet) . -ovr NONE . -srcnodata "[ ]..." nodata ( ). . ( NODATA ). None nodata . None UNIFIED_SRC_NODATA ( GDALWarpOptions::papszWarpOptions ) YES . -srcnodata nodata PARTIAL UNIFIED_SRC_NODATA . -dstnodata "[ ]..." nodata ( ). . nodata . nodata None . nodata . -srcalpha . -nosrcalpha ( ). -dstalpha nodata (/). -wm API (warp) () . 64 MB . GDAL 3.10 ( -wm 200MB -wm 1G) RAM (-wm 10%) . 10000 >=10000 . . -wm . -multi (multithreaded). (thread) / . . -wo NUM_THREADS=val/ALL_CPUS -multi . -if / () . . . . 3.2 . -of . . . -co = . GeoTIFF . . --format . . -cutline | (cutline) . GDAL 3.9 WKT POLYGON MULTIPOLYGON . -cutline_srs 3.9 . SRS . -cl . -cwhere (attribute query). -csql SQL -cl. -cblend (blend distance) ( ). -crop_to_cutline . -overwrite . . . -nomd . ( ) . * ( -cvmd ). -cvmd ( "*" ). "" . -setci (color interpretation) . -oo = ( ) -doo = ( ) () . . (OVERVIEW) gdalwarp . -te -tr gdalwarp . CRS CRS . GDALSuggestedWarpOutput() . gdalwarp . gdalwarp -wm . gdalwarp (scanlines) . ( XSCALE GDALWarpOptions::papszWarpOptions ). ( ) . -r . ( "mean" "sum") ( ). . (MULTIPLE INPUT FILES) gdalwarp . (edge effects) . VRT ( gdalbuildvrt) . gdalwarp . (WRITING TO AN EXISTING FILE) . -overwrite . (Polygon cutlines) (blending) . OGR SRS SRS . -te -crop_to_cutline . NODATA (NODATA / SOURCE VALIDITY MASK HANDLING) nodata -srcnodata . : o (nearest): . nodata . o bilinear cubic cubicspline lanczos: . nodata ( ). . . o : . . nodata . -srcnodata () () nodata . () : # (0) gdalwarp -srcnodata 0 -dstnodata 0 orig-ignore-black.tif black-nodata.tif # (255) gdalwarp -srcnodata 255 -dstnodata 255 orig-ignore-white.tif white-nodata.tif # - (RGB 125 125 150) gdalwarp -srcnodata "125 125 150" -dstnodata "125 125 150" orig-ignore-grey.tif grey-nodata.tif # nodata gdalwarp black-nodata.tif grey-nodata.tif white-nodata.tif final-mosaic.tif (APPROXIMATE TRANSFORMATION) gdalwarp . . ( ) . . . . . . OPTIMIZE_SIZE -wm . () . ( ) -et gdalwarp . -et 0 . (VERTICAL TRANSFORMATION) gdalwarp (2D) . : o CRS CRS ( CRS ) CRS (3D ) o -vshift ( CRS -ct ) -novshift . . PROJ . PROJ . . GDALRasterBand::GetUnitType() . : m metre ft foot US survey foot. CRS . CRS . MULT_FACTOR_VERTICAL_SHIFT -wo -wo MULT_FACTOR_VERTICAL_SHIFT=1 . (MEMORY USAGE) gdalwarp . . . gdalwarp . -wm 500 . -wm gdalwarp -wo NUM_THREADS ( GDAL_NUM_THREADS) . / (I/O block cache) . GDAL_CACHEMAX : gdalwarp --config GDAL_CACHEMAX 500 -wm 500 ... / . . gdalwarp (CPU) . / (I/O) . --debug . : gdalwarp --debug on abc.tif def.tif : GDAL: 224 block reads on 32 block band 1 of utm.tif utm.tif I/O. : GDAL: GDALWarpKernel()::GWKNearestNoMasksByte() Src=0,0,512x512 Dst=0,0,512x512 Src/Dst " " (chunk size) . . -wm . . GDALWarpKernel()::GWKGeneralCase() . nodata . (COMPRESSED OUTPUT) gdalwarp . gdalwarp // / . OPTIMIZE_SIZE (-wo OPTIMIZE_SIZE=YES) . gdalwarp gdal_translate : gdalwarp infile tempfile.tif ...options... gdal_translate tempfile.tif outfile.tif -co compress=lzw ...etc. VRT gdalwarp . VRT XML . gdal_translate . gdalwarp -of VRT infile tempfile.vrt ...options... gdal_translate tempfile.vrt outfile.tif -co compress=lzw ...etc. (FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS) : ( anti-aliasing) -r : . -et . . ( ) . : () ( ). . (X) (Y) . . . XSCALE YSCALE -wo . XSCALE ( YSCALE) ( ). (downsampling) (upsampling) . (EXAMPLES) o : gdalwarp -t_srs EPSG:4326 input.tif output.tif o spot GeoTIFF / UTM : gdalwarp -t_srs '+proj=utm +zone=11 +datum=WGS84' -overwrite raw_spot.tif utm11.tif o ASTER HDF / UTM : gdalwarp -overwrite HDF4_SDS:ASTER_L1B:"pg-PR1B0000-2002031402_100_001":2 \ pg-PR1B0000-2002031402_100_001_2.tif o (220,60) (1160,690): gdalwarp -overwrite -to SRC_METHOD=NO_GEOTRANSFORM -to DST_METHOD=NO_GEOTRANSFORM \ -te 220 60 1160 690 -cutline cutline.csv in.png out.tif cutline.csv : id,WKT 1,"POLYGON((....))" o (DEM) ( EGM96) WGS84: gdalwarp -overwrite in_dem.tif out_dem.tif -s_srs EPSG:4326+5773 -t_srs EPSG:4979 (RETURN STATUS CODE) ( ). (C API) C GDALWarp() . (AUTHORS) Frank Warmerdam , Silke Reimer (COPYRIGHT) 1998-2026 August 18, 2026 GDALWARP(1)