GDAL-VECTOR-COMBINE(1) GDAL GDAL-VECTOR-COMBINE(1) (NAME) gdal-vector-combine - (Geometry Collections) 3.13 . (SYNOPSIS) Usage: gdal vector combine [OPTIONS] (Collections) (Positional arguments): -i, --input [] [ ] -o, --output [] [ ] (Common Options): -h, --help --json-usage JSON --config = [] -q, --quiet ( ) [ ] (Options): -l, --layer, --input-layer () [] [ ] -f, --of, --format, --output-format ( "GDALG") [ ] --co, --creation-option = [] [ ] --lco, --layer-creation-option = [] [ ] --overwrite [ ] --update [ ] --overwrite-layer [ ] --append [ ] --upsert --output-layer [ ] --skip-errors [ ] --group-by () [] --keep-nested --add-extra-fields . ADD-EXTRA-FIELDS=no|sometimes-identical|always-identical (: no) (Advanced Options): --if, --input-format [] [ ] --oo, --open-option = [] [ ] --output-oo, --output-open-option = [] [ ] --upsert (Upsert) ( 'append') [ ] --append (DESCRIPTION) gdal vector combine (Geometry Collections) . --group-by . (Multipart Geometries) ( MultiPolygon GeometryCollection). Polygon MultiPolygon MultiPolygon . GIS GeometryCollection . ST_Collect PostGIS ( GeometryCollection Polygon MultiPolygon) --keep-nested . combine gdal vector pipeline . (PROGRAM-SPECIFIC OPTIONS) --group-by . --group-by . --group-by . --keep-nested GeometryCollection . --add-extra-fields no|sometimes-identical|always-identical . no --group-by . sometimes-identical . . null . always-identical . country : (INPUT FEATURES) +----------------+---------+--------------+-------------+ |name | country | country_fr | type | +----------------+---------+--------------+-------------+ |Mainland France | France | France | continental | +----------------+---------+--------------+-------------+ |Corsica | France | France | island | +----------------+---------+--------------+-------------+ |Mainland USA | USA | Etats-Unis | continental | | | | d'Amerique | | +----------------+---------+--------------+-------------+ |Alaska | USA | Etats-Unis | continental | | | | d'Amerique | | +----------------+---------+--------------+-------------+ sometimes-identical : SOMETIMES-IDENTICAL (OUTPUT WITH SOMETIMES-IDENTICAL) +--------+--------------+-------------+ |country | country_fr | type | +--------+--------------+-------------+ |France | France | | +--------+--------------+-------------+ |USA | Etats-Unis | continental | | | d'Amerique | | +--------+--------------+-------------+ name . type USA . France null . always-identical : ALWAYS-IDENTICAL (OUTPUT WITH ALWAYS-IDENTICAL) +--------+-------------------------+ |country | country_fr | +--------+-------------------------+ |France | France | +--------+-------------------------+ |USA | Etats-Unis d'Amerique | +--------+-------------------------+ type France . (RETURN STATUS CODE) 0 ( ). (STANDARD OPTIONS) --append () . . --co, --creation-option = . GeoPackage . . . --formats . Vector drivers . . --if, --input-format / () . . . . . --lco, --layer-creation-option = . GeoPackage . . . --formats . Vector drivers . . --oo, --open-option = ( ). . -f, --of, --format, --output-format . : gdal --formats | grep vector | grep rw | sort --output-open-option, --output-oo = 3.12 . ( ). . --overwrite . gdal . --overwrite-layer . --skip-errors 3.12 . () . . --update . --upsert 3.12 . --append OGRLayer::UpsertFeature() OGRLayer::CreateFeature() . : GPKG -- GeoPackage vector Elasticsearch: Geographically Encoded Objects for Elasticsearch MongoDBv3 ( upsert GDAL_DCAP_UPSERT ). upsert FID ( FID ) . FID . GPKG UNIQUE (Integer Primary Key) upsert FID ( --unset-fid gdal vector edit FID ). (AUTHOR) Dan Baston (COPYRIGHT) 1998-2026 August 18, 2026 GDAL-VECTOR-COMBINE(1)