GDAL-VECTOR-BUFFER(1) GDAL GDAL-VECTOR-BUFFER(1) >>> (NAME) gdal-vector-buffer - >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>> 3.12 >>>>> >>. >>>>> >>>>> (SYNOPSIS) Usage: gdal vector buffer [OPTIONS] >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> (Positional arguments): -i, --input >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>] [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] -o, --output >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>] [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --distance >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >> >>>>> >>>>>>>. [>>>>>>] >>>>>>>>> >>>>> (Common Options): -h, --help >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> > >>>> --json-usage >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>> JSON > >>>> --config = >>>>> >>>>>>>> [>>>>>>>>>] -q, --quiet >>>> >>>>>> (>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>) [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] >>>>>>>> (Options): -l, --layer, --input-layer >>> >>>>(>>>) >>>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] -f, --of, --format, --output-format >>>> >>>>> (>>>> >>>> "GDALG") [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --co, --creation-option = >>>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --lco, --layer-creation-option = >>>>> >>>>> >>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --overwrite >>> >>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>> [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --update >>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>> [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --overwrite-layer >>> >>>>>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>> [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --append >>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>> [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] >>>>>>>> >> --upsert --output-layer >>> >>>> >>>>> [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --skip-errors >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --active-layer >>>>> >>>> >>>> (>> >>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>) --active-geometry >>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >> >> (>> >>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>) --endcap-style >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>.. ENDCAP-STYLE=round|flat|square (>>>>>>>: round) --join-style >>> >>>>>.. JOIN-STYLE=round|mitre|bevel (>>>>>>>: round) --mitre-limit >> >>>> >>>> >>>/>>>>> (>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>). (>>>>>>>: 5) --quadrant-segments >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>>>. (>>>>>>>: 8) --side >>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>.. SIDE=both|left|right (>>>>>>>: both) >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> (Advanced Options): --if, --input-format >>>>>>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --oo, --open-option = >>>>>>>>> >>> >>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --output-oo, --output-open-option = >>>>>>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] --upsert >>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> (Upsert) >>>>> (>>>> 'append') [>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>] >>>>>>>> >> --append >>>>>>> (DESCRIPTION) >>>>> gdal vector buffer >> POLYGON >> MULTIPOLYGON >> >>>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>> >>>>> >> >> >>>>>/>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>. >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >> >> >>>>> > >>>>>>> >>>>>>. >> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> > >>> >>>> >> >> >>> >>>> POLYGON EMPTY >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>> >>>> > >>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>. >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>> PostGIS ST_Buffer >> >>>>>>. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>> MULTIPOLYGON >>>>> >>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> POLYGON >>>>. >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>>> >>> >>>>> MULTIPOLYGON >>>>> >>>>. >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> 0 >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>> >>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >> gdal vector make-valid >>>> >>>>>>>>>> > >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>. >>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>> >> gdal vector pipeline >> >>> >>>. >>>>> GDALG (>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> / >>>>>>) (GDALG OUTPUT (ON-THE-FLY / STREAMED DATASET)) >>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>> JSON >> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>> GDALG >>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>>> GDALG: GDAL Streamed Algorithm >> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>> >>> > >> >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>> (on-the-fly) >> >>>>>> (streamed) >>>>> >>>>>. >>>>: >>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> GDAL >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>> GEOS >>>. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> (PROGRAM-SPECIFIC OPTIONS) --distance >>>> >>>> (>>>>) >> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>. >>>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>. --endcap-style round|flat|square >>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>. >>>>> >>>>>>> round (>>>) >>>. [>>>>>] >>>> >>>>> >>>> >> endcap-style=round> endcap-style=flat > endcap-style=square. --join-style round|mitre|bevel >>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>> (>>>>) >>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>> >>>>>>> round (>>>) >>>. [>>>>>] >>>> >>>>> >>>> >> join-style=round> join-style=mitre > join-style=bevel. --input-layer >> >> >>> >>> >>>> >> >>>> >>>>>> > >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> > >>>>>> >>>>>> >>. >>>> >>>>>> > >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>>>> >> --active-layer >>>>>>> >>>>. --mitre-limit >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>/>>> (mitre ratio) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >> >> join-style=mitre >>>>>>> >>>. >>>>> >>>>>>> 5 >>>. [>>>>>] >>>>> >> >>>> distance=2> >>>>> >> mitre-limit=5 >> >>> >> > mitre-limit=1 >> >>> >>>>. >>>> >>>> >>>>> (mitre ratio) >>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>. >>>>>> >> >> >>>>>>> >> >> >>>>> >>> >> >> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>> (> >> >>>>> >>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>). >>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >> >>> >> >>>>> >>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>> (bevel) >>>>>>>>>. --output-layer >>> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >> >> >>>>> >>>. >> >>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>> >>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>. --quadrant-segments >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>>>> >>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>> >>>>>>> 8 >>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >> >> >> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>. >>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >> >>> >> QS = 12 >>>>>>> >>>>. >>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >> >.>>> >> QS = 18 >>>>>>> >>>>. >>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>> (>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>). [>>>>>] >>>> >>>>> >>>> >> quadrant-segments=4 > quadrant-segments=20. --side both|left|right >>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >> >> >> >> >>> (>>>>>>>). >>>>> left >>>> >>>>>> >> >>>> >> >>> >> >> >>>>> >>>>>>> > right >>>> >>>>>> >> >>>> >> >>> >>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>> >>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >> (>>>> >>>> >> >> >>> >>> >>>) >>>>> >>>>>>>. >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>> LINESTRING >>>>>> >>>> > >> >>>>>>>>> POINT >> POLYGON >>>>>> >>>>>> > >>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>> (square) >>>>> >>>>>>. [>>>>>] >>>> >>>>> >>>> >> side=both> side=left > side=right. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> (STANDARD OPTIONS) --append >>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>(>>>) >>>>> >>>> >>> >> >>>. >>> >>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >> >> >>>>> >>>>>>. --active-layer >>>>> >>>> >>>>. >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >> >> >>> >> >>>>> >>> >>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>. >>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>. >> >>>> >>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>. --active-geometry >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>> >>> >>. >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>. >>>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>. >> >>>> >>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>. >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >> --active-layer >>>>> >>>. --co, --creation-option = >>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>. >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> GeoPackage >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>. >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> > >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>> --formats >>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> Vector drivers >> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>. >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>. --if, --input-format >>> >>>>/>>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>> >>>>(>>>) >>>>>. >>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>. >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>. >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>. >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>. --lco, --layer-creation-option = >>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>. >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> GeoPackage >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>> > >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>. >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> > >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>> --formats >>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>. >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> Vector drivers >> >>>>>>. >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>. --oo, --open-option = >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (>>>> >>>>). >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>. -f, --of, --format, --output-format >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>. >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>> >> >>> >>>>: gdal --formats | grep vector | grep rw | sort --output-open-option, --output-oo = >> >>>> 3.12 >>>>> >>. >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> (>>>> >>>>). >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>. --overwrite >> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >> >>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>. >> >>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>> >>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> gdal >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>. --overwrite-layer >>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>> >> >>>. --skip-errors >> >>>> 3.12 >>>>> >>. >>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>(>>) >>>>>>>> >>> >> >>>. >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >> >> >> >>>>> >> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>. --update >>>>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>> >> >>>. --upsert >> >>>> 3.12 >>>>> >>. >>>>>>> >> --append >> >> >> >>>>>> OGRLayer::UpsertFeature() >>>> >>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >> OGRLayer::CreateFeature() >>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>> >>>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>: GPKG -- GeoPackage vector> Elasticsearch: Geographically Encoded Objects for Elasticsearch > MongoDBv3 (>>>>>>>>>> >> upsert >> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>> GDAL_DCAP_UPSERT >> >>>>> >>>>>>>). >>>>>> >>>/>>>>>>>>>>> (upsert) >> FID >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>> >>> >>>> (> >>> >>>> FID >> >>>> >>>> >>>>>)> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>> FID >> >>>>>>>> >>>> > >>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>. >>>> >>>>>> GPKG> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>/>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >> FID >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>> (>>>>> --unset-fid >> gdal vector edit >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> FID >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>) >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>> (UNIQUE) >> >>>> >>>> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>. >> >>>>> >>>>> (RETURN STATUS CODE) >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>> 0 > >> >>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>). >>>>>>> (EXAMPLES) >>>> >: >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> (>> >>> >>>>> CRS >> >>> >>> >>>) $ gdal vector buffer --distance=1000 in.gpkg out.gpkg --overwrite >>>> >: >>>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >> >> >>>>>>> >> >> >>> >>>>> (>>>>>> > >>>>>>>) >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> $ gdal vector buffer --distance=20 --quadrant-segments=20 points.gpkg point_buffers.gpkg >>>> >: >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>> >> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>>> > >>>>> >>>>>>> $ gdal vector buffer --distance=10 --endcap-style=flat --side=left --join-style=mitre --mitre-limit=2 lines.gpkg lines-buffer-endcap.gpkg >>>> >: >>> > >>>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>> (zip) >> >>>>> >>>> >> >> >> >>>> Bash gdal vector pipeline \ ! read "/vsizip/lines.zip" \ ! clip --bbox 647903,6863599,648703,6864399 \ ! buffer --distance=5 \ ! write line-buffer.gpkg --overwrite PowerShell gdal vector pipeline ` ! read "/vsizip/lines.zip" ` ! clip --bbox 647903,6863599,648703,6864399 ` ! buffer --distance=5 ` ! write line-buffer.gpkg --overwrite >>>>>>> (AUTHOR) Even Rouault >> >>> (COPYRIGHT) 1998-2026 August 18, 2026 GDAL-VECTOR-BUFFER(1)