GDAL-RASTER-VIEWSHED(1) GDAL GDAL-RASTER-VIEWSHED(1) >>> (NAME) gdal-raster-viewshed - >>>>>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>. >> >>>> 3.11 >>>>> >>. >>>>> >>>>> (SYNOPSIS) >>>>>>: gdal raster viewshed [OPTIONS] >>>>>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>: -i, --input >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>] [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] -o, --output >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>] [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] >>>>>>>>> >>>>>: -h, --help >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> > >>>> --json-usage >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>> JSON > >>>> --config = >>>>> >>>>>>>> [>>>>>>>>>] -q, --quiet >>>> >>>>>> (>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>) [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] >>>>>>>>: -f, --of, --format, --output-format >>>> >>>>> (>>>>> "GDALG" >>>> >>>) [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] --co, --creation-option = >>>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] --overwrite >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >> --append --append >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >> --overwrite -p, --pos, --position or >>>>>> >>>> [>..> >>>>>] -z, --height >>>>>> >>>> --sd-filename >>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> --target-height >>>>>> >>> >>>>>> >> >>> DEM >> >>> >>>> >>>>>> DEM. (>>>>>>>: 0) --mode >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>.. MODE=normal|DEM|ground|cumulative (>>>>>>>: normal) --max-distance >>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>. >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>. --min-distance >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>> >> >>>>. >>>> >>>> >> 'max-distance' >>>>. --start-angle >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>> ('start-angle', 'end-angle'). >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>. >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>. --end-angle >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>> ('start-angle', 'end-angle'). >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>. >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>. --high-pitch >>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>> >> >> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> 'high-pitch' >> >>>> >>>>. >>>> >> >>> - >>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>. >>>> >>>>> >> 'low-pitch' >>>>. --low-pitch >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>>> 'low-pitch' >> >>>> >>>>>. >>>> >> >>> - >>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>. >>>> >>>> >> 'high-pitch' >>>>. --curvature-coefficient >>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>> >>>>> > >>>> >>>. -b, --band >>>> >>>>> (>>>> >>>>> >> >) (>>>>>>>: 1) --visible-value >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> (>>>>>>>: 255) --invisible-value >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> (>>>>>>>: 0) --maybe-visible-value >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> (>>>>>>>: 2) --out-of-range-value >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> > >>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> (>>>>>>>: 0) --output-nodata >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>. --observer-spacing >>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>> (>>>>>>>: 10) -j, --num-threads >>>>> >>>>> (>> ALL_CPUS) (>>>>>>>: 3) >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>: --if, --input-format >>>>>>>> >>>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] --oo, --open-option = >>>>>>>>> >>> >>>> [>>>>>>>>>] [>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>] >>>>> gdal raster viewshed >> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>> (>>>>>>) >> >> >>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>> (DEM) >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>> >>>>> >> >>> Byte >>>>> >>>. >>>>>>> >> >>>>>> DEM >> ground >> --mode >>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >> >>> Float64 >>> >>>>> >>>. >>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>>>>>>> >> [Wang2000] >>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>> >> gdal raster pipeline >> >>>>> >>> (>> >>>> GDAL 3.12). >>>>>>>>>> >> >>>> 3.12. >>>>> GDALG (>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> / >> >>> >>>>>) (GDALG OUTPUT (ON-THE-FLY / STREAMED DATASET)) >>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> JSON >> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>> GDALG >>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>>> GDALG: GDAL Streamed Algorithm >>> >>> > >> >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>> >>>>> / >>>>>> (streamed) >>>>> >>>. >>>>: >> >>> >>> >>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>. >> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>> >>>. >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> (PROGRAM-SPECIFIC OPTIONS) -b, --band >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> DEM. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >> > >>>> >>>>>>. >>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >>>. >>> >>>> >> >>>> >> >> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>. --curvature-coefficient >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> > >>>> >>>. >>>>> >>>>>> >>> >>> >> >>>> (>>>> >> >>> >> >>>>> >>>)> >>>>> >>> >>> >> >>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>> > >> >>> >>> >>>>> >>>>. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>: >>>> >>>> (Refraction Coefficient)> >>>> >>>>> (Curvature Coefficient)> > >>>> >>> >>> (Sphere Diameter Factor). >>>>> gdal_viewshed >> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> (Curvature Coefficient) >>>>>>> >>>>>>. {CurvCoeff}=1-{RefractionCoeff} >>>>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>> >>> >> >> >>> >>>>> >> >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> > >>>>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>> >>> >>> (>>>>) >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>. >>>> >>> >>> >> >>> >>>> > >>> >>>>> >>> >> >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>: {SphereDiameterFactor}=1/{CurvCoeff}=1/(1-{RefractionCoeff}) >>>> >>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >>> >> >>>>>> >> >>> >>>>>> 1/7 >>>. >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> (>> >>>> GDAL 3.4) >>>> CurvCoeff >> gdal_viewshed >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>> >> 0.85714 (=~ 1-1/7) >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> (CRS) >>>> >>>. >> >>>> GDAL 3.6> >>>> CRS>>> >>> >> >>>> (>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>> >> >> >> WGS 84 >>>>> >>>>)> >>>>> >>>>>>> CurvCoeff >>>>> >> 1.0 >>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>. >>>>>> DEM >> >>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>: Height_{Corrected}=Height_{DEM}-{CurvCoeff}\frac{{TargetDistance}^2}{SphereDiameter} >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>> >>>>> >>> >>> (>> >>>>> Curvature Coeff >>>> >>>>> cc >>>>>>> >>>>): +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ |>>>> | >>>> | >>>> | >>>> | |>>>>>> | >>>> | >>>>> | >>> | | | | (Curvature | >>> | | | | Coeff) | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ |>>>> | 0 | 1 | 1 | |>>>> | | | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ |>>> | 1/7 | 6/7 (=~0.85714) | 7/6 (=~1.1666) | |>>>> | | | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ |>>>>> | 0.25 ~ 0.325 | 0.75 ~ 0.675 | 1.33 ~ 1.48 | |>>>>>>> | | | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ |>>>> | 1 | 0 | inf | |>>> | | | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ --end-angle >>>>>>>>>> >> >>>> 3.12. >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>. >> >>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >> > >>>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. (>> >>>> >>>>> >> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>) -z, --height >>>>>> >>>>>>>> (>>>>). --high-pitch >>>>>>>>>> >> >>>> 3.12. >>>>> >>>> >>>> (high pitch) >>>> >>>>>>>>. >> >>> >>>> >>> >> >>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>. >>>> >>>>>>> >> '--low-pitch' >>>>. (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>) --invisible-value >>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>. (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>) >>>>>>>: 0 --low-pitch >>>>>>>>>> >> >>>> 3.12. >>>>> >>>> >>>>> (low pitch) >>>> >>>>>>>>. >> >>> >>>> >>> >> >>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>> (clamp) >>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>> >>>> >> '--high-pitch' >>>>. (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>) --max-distance >>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>. >>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>. (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>) --min-distance >>>>>>>>>> >> >>>> 3.12..sp >>>>> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>. >>>> >>>> >> '--max-distance' >>>> (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>) --mode normal|DEM|ground|cumulative >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>. o normal (>>>>>>>) >> >>>> >> >>> Byte >>>>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>. o DEM > ground >>>>> >> >>> Float64 >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >> >>> >> >>>>> >> >>> DEM >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>>. >>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> >> >>>> >>>>> >> h > >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>>> >> E >>>>> >>>> DEM >>>>> >>>>> E + h >>>>> >>>. >>>> ground >>>>> >>>>> h >>>>> >>>. >>>>>>>>> --target-height> --invisible-value > --visible-value >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>. o cumulative >> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>. >>>>> --observer-spacing >> >>>>>>. -j, --num-threads >>>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >>>> (>>>> >> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>). >>>>>>>: 3 --observer-spacing >>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>> (>>>> >> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>). >>>>>>>: 10 --out-of-range-value >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> > >>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>). >>>>>>>: 0 --output-nodata >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>. >>>>: >> >>> >>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> nodata >>>>> >>>>>>> (>> >>>> >>> >> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>). -p, --pos, --position or >>>>>> X,Y >> X,Y,H (>>>>>>) >>>> (>> >>>>>>> SRS >>>> X > Y> > >> >>>> >>>>>> DEM >>>> H). >>> >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>>> > >>>> >>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>> (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>). >>> H >>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >> 2 >>>. --start-angle >> >>>> 3.12 >>>>> >>. >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>. >> >>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >> 0 >>>> > >> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>. (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>) --target-height >>>>>> >>> >>>>>> >> >>> DEM >> >>>> >>>>>> DEM. >>>>>>>: 0 --visible-value >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>). >>>>>>>: 255 >> >>>> 3.13 >>>>> >>. --sd-filename >>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>. >>> >>>> >>>>> >> >>>> 1 >>>>> >>>>>> > >>>>>> >> >>>> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>. --maybe-visible-value >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>> (>> >>>> cumulative >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>). >>>>>>>: 255 --append >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> (subdataset) >>>> >> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>. >>>> >> >>>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>> >> >> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> GTiff -- GeoTIFF File Format > GPKG -- GeoPackage raster. >>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >> >> >>>>> >>>>>>. --co, --creation-option = >>>>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>. >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> GeoTIFF >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>>>>> > >>>>>>>>> >>> >>>> (tiled) >>>>>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>. >>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>> > >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>> --formats >>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>>>>> >>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>> > >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>>> >>>. >>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >> Raster drivers >>>>>> >>>>. --if, --input-format >>> >>>>/>>>>>> >>>> >>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>> >>>> >>>>(>>>) >>>>>. >>>>>> >>> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>. >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>. >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >> >>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >> >>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>. >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>. --oo, --open-option = >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (>>>>> >> >>>>). >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>. -f, --of, --format, --output-format >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>. >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>> >> >>>>> >>> >> >>> >>>>: gdal --formats | grep raster | grep rw | sort --overwrite >> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>> >> >>>>>>>> >>>. >> >>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> >> >>> >>>> >>>>> >>>>> gdal >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>. >>>>> >>>> (RETURN STATUS CODE) >>> >>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>> > > >> >>>> >>>> >>> >>>>> >>>>>> >> >>>>>>>>>>> (>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> >> >> >>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>> >>>> >> >>> >>>>> >>>>>>>). >>>>>>> (EXAMPLES) >>>> > >>>>> >>>> >> >>>>> >> >>>>> >>>> >>> (viewshed)> >>>>>>>>> >>> >>>>>>>>> >> >>>> >>>>>>> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>>>>>>> (>>>> >>>) >>>> >>>>>> >>>> >> >>>> >> >>>>> >>> >>>> >>>> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>. [>>>>>] >>>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >>>> >>> >>>> >>>> >> >> >>>>>> (-10147017, 5108065) >>>>>>> >>>. gdal raster viewshed --max-distance=500 --pos=-10147017,5108065 source.tif destination.tif Even Rouault >>>>>>>> > >>>>> (COPYRIGHT) 1998-2026 August 18, 2026 GDAL-RASTER-VIEWSHED(1)