GDAL-RASTER-VIEWSHED(1) GDAL GDAL-RASTER-VIEWSHED(1) (NAME) gdal-raster-viewshed - . 3.11 . (SYNOPSIS) : gdal raster viewshed [OPTIONS] . : -i, --input [] [ ] -o, --output [] [ ] : -h, --help --json-usage JSON --config = [] -q, --quiet ( ) [ ] : -f, --of, --format, --output-format ( "GDALG" ) [ ] --co, --creation-option = [] [ ] --overwrite [ ] --append --append [ ] --overwrite -p, --pos, --position or [.. ] -z, --height --sd-filename --target-height DEM DEM. (: 0) --mode .. MODE=normal|DEM|ground|cumulative (: normal) --max-distance . . --min-distance . 'max-distance' . --start-angle ('start-angle', 'end-angle'). . . --end-angle ('start-angle', 'end-angle'). . . --high-pitch 'high-pitch' . - . 'low-pitch' . --low-pitch 'low-pitch' . - . 'high-pitch' . --curvature-coefficient . -b, --band ( ) (: 1) --visible-value (: 255) --invisible-value (: 0) --maybe-visible-value (: 2) --out-of-range-value (: 0) --output-nodata . --observer-spacing (: 10) -j, --num-threads ( ALL_CPUS) (: 3) : --if, --input-format [] [ ] --oo, --open-option = [] [ ] gdal raster viewshed () (DEM) . Byte . DEM ground --mode Float64 . [Wang2000] . gdal raster pipeline ( GDAL 3.12). 3.12. GDALG ( / ) (GDALG OUTPUT (ON-THE-FLY / STREAMED DATASET)) JSON GDALG . GDALG: GDAL Streamed Algorithm / (streamed) . : . . (PROGRAM-SPECIFIC OPTIONS) -b, --band DEM. . . . --curvature-coefficient . ( ) . : (Refraction Coefficient) (Curvature Coefficient) (Sphere Diameter Factor). gdal_viewshed (Curvature Coefficient) . {CurvCoeff}=1-{RefractionCoeff} () . : {SphereDiameterFactor}=1/{CurvCoeff}=1/(1-{RefractionCoeff}) 1/7 . ( GDAL 3.4) CurvCoeff gdal_viewshed 0.85714 (=~ 1-1/7) (CRS) . GDAL 3.6 CRS ( WGS 84 ) CurvCoeff 1.0 . DEM : Height_{Corrected}=Height_{DEM}-{CurvCoeff}\frac{{TargetDistance}^2}{SphereDiameter} ( Curvature Coeff cc ): +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | (Curvature | | | | | Coeff) | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ | | 0 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ | | 1/7 | 6/7 (=~0.85714) | 7/6 (=~1.1666) | | | | | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ | | 0.25 ~ 0.325 | 0.75 ~ 0.675 | 1.33 ~ 1.48 | | | | | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ | | 1 | 0 | inf | | | | | | +----------------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+ --end-angle 3.12. . . ( cumulative ) -z, --height (). --high-pitch 3.12. (high pitch) . . . '--low-pitch' . ( cumulative ) --invisible-value . ( cumulative ) : 0 --low-pitch 3.12. (low pitch) . . (clamp) . '--high-pitch' . ( cumulative ) --max-distance . . ( cumulative ) --min-distance 3.12..sp . '--max-distance' ( cumulative ) --mode normal|DEM|ground|cumulative . o normal () Byte . o DEM ground Float64 DEM . h E DEM E + h . ground h . --target-height --invisible-value --visible-value . o cumulative . --observer-spacing . -j, --num-threads ( cumulative ). : 3 --observer-spacing ( cumulative ). : 10 --out-of-range-value ( cumulative ). : 0 --output-nodata . : nodata ( ). -p, --pos, --position or X,Y X,Y,H () ( SRS X Y DEM H). ( cumulative ). H 2 . --start-angle 3.12 . . 0 . ( cumulative ) --target-height DEM DEM. : 0 --visible-value ( cumulative ). : 255 3.13 . --sd-filename . 1 . --maybe-visible-value ( cumulative ). : 255 --append (subdataset) . GTiff -- GeoTIFF File Format GPKG -- GeoPackage raster. . --co, --creation-option = . GeoTIFF (tiled) . . . --formats . Raster drivers . --if, --input-format / () . . . . . --oo, --open-option = ( ). . -f, --of, --format, --output-format . : gdal --formats | grep raster | grep rw | sort --overwrite . gdal . (RETURN STATUS CODE) ( ). (EXAMPLES) (viewshed) ( ) . [] (-10147017, 5108065) . gdal raster viewshed --max-distance=500 --pos=-10147017,5108065 source.tif destination.tif Even Rouault (COPYRIGHT) 1998-2026 August 18, 2026 GDAL-RASTER-VIEWSHED(1)