dpkg(1) dpkg suite dpkg(1) (NAME) dpkg - (SYNOPSIS) dpkg [option...] command (WARNING) dpkg dpkg --help . dpkg . dpkg . (DESCRIPTION) dpkg . (front-end) dpkg (CLI) apt(8) (TUI) aptitude(8) . dpkg . dpkg . dpkg dpkg-deb(1) dpkg-query(1) . COMMANDS . dpkg dpkg-deb dpkg-query (back-ends) . (INFORMATION ABOUT PACKAGES) dpkg . : states () selection states ( ) flags (). dselect . (Package states) not-installed . config-files postrm . half-installed . unpacked . half-configured . triggers-awaited (trigger) . triggers-pending ( triggered ). installed . (Package selection states) install . hold hold --force-hold . deinstall ( ). purge ( ). unknown . not-installed ok ( ). (Package flags) ok ok . reinstreq reinstreq . --force-remove-reinstreq . (COMMANDS) -i, --install package-file... . --recursive -R package-file . : 1. . 2. prerm . 3. preinst . 4. . 5. postrm . preinst . 6. . --configure . --unpack package-file... . --recursive -R package-file . Pre-Depends --no-triggers . --configure package...|-a|--pending . package -a --pending . dpkg-reconfigure(8) ( debconf ). : 1. conffile conffile . 2. postinst . --no-triggers . --triggers-only package...|-a|--pending ( dpkg 1.14.17). . . triggers-awaited triggers-pending . : dpkg --configure --pending. -r, --remove package...|-a|--pending . conffile postrm (conffile DEBIAN/conffiles ). DEBIAN/conffiles DEBIAN/postrm --purge . -a --pending /var/lib/dpkg/status . : 1. prerm. 2. . 3. postrm. --no-triggers . -P, --purge package...|-a|--pending . conffile postrm . -a --pending /var/lib/dpkg/status . : dpkg . dpkg postrm ( dpkg ) . . : 1. . --remove . 2. postrm. --no-triggers . -V, --verify [package-name...] package-name dpkg ( dpkg 1.17.2). . . md5sum . md5sum . --audit . . --verify-format rpm . -C, --audit [package-name...] package-name ( dpkg 1.17.10). . dpkg . --update-avail [Packages-file] --merge-avail [Packages-file] dpkg dselect . --merge-avail Packages-file . --update-avail Packages-file . Packages-file <> . Packages-file <<->> ( dpkg 1.17.7). dpkg /var/lib/dpkg/available . available dselect update . dselect APT : APT . -A, --record-avail package-file... dpkg dselect package-file . --recursive -R package-file . --forget-old-unavail (no-op) dpkg ( dpkg 1.15.4) . --clear-avail . --get-selections [package-name-pattern...] (stdout) . ( [purged] ) . --set-selections (stdin) . "package state" state install hold deinstall purge . `#' . available . --update-avail --merge-avail . --clear-selections (non-essential) deinstall ( dpkg 1.13.18 ). --set-selections --set-selections deinstall . --yet-to-unpack . : available . --predep-package (pre-dependency) . Packages . : available . 0 1 2 . --add-architecture architecture architecture --force-architecture ( dpkg 1.16.2 ). dpkg ( --print-architecture) . --remove-architecture architecture architecture --force-architecture ( dpkg 1.16.2 ). --force-architecture . dpkg ( --print-architecture) . --print-architecture dpkg ( "i386"). --print-foreign-architectures () dpkg ( dpkg 1.16.2 ). --assert-help --assert-feature ( dpkg 1.21.0 ). --assert-feature dpkg . 0 dpkg 1 2 . (assertable) : support-predepends Pre-Depends ( dpkg 1.1.0 ). working-epoch epoch ( dpkg 1.4.0.7 ). long-filenames deb(5) ( dpkg 1.4.1.17 ). multi-conrep Conflicts Replaces ( dpkg 1.4.1.19 ). multi-arch (multi-arch) ( dpkg 1.16.2 ). versioned-provides Provides ( dpkg 1.17.11 ). protected-field Protected ( dpkg 1.20.1 ). --validate-thing string string thing ( dpkg 1.18.16 ). string 0 string 1 string 2 . (thing) : pkgname ( dpkg 1.18.16 ). trigname ( dpkg 1.18.16 ). archname ( dpkg 1.18.16 ). version ( dpkg 1.18.16 ). --compare-versions ver1 op ver2 op () . dpkg (0) (1) . ver1 ver2 . : lt le eq ne ge gt. : lt-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl. : < << <= = >= >> >. < > . : 0.1 < 0.1 (true) . -?, --help . --force-help --force-thing. -Dh, --debug=help . --version dpkg. --robot . dpkg-deb commands dpkg dpkg-deb(1) . -b, --build directory [archive|directory] deb. -c, --contents archive deb. -e, --control archive [directory] . -x, --extract archive directory . -X, --vextract archive directory . -f, --field archive [control-field...] () . --ctrl-tarfile archive tar . --fsys-tarfile archive tar . -I, --info archive [control-file...] . dpkg-query commands dpkg dpkg-query(1) . -l, --list package-name-pattern... . -s, --status package-name... . -L, --listfiles package-name... package-name. -S, --search filename-search-pattern... . -p, --print-avail package-name... package-name /var/lib/dpkg/available . APT apt show package-name . (OPTIONS) dpkg /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg ( '[0-9a-zA-Z_-]*') /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/ . ( ) / ( `#' ). --abort-after=number dpkg . 50 . -B, --auto-deconfigure . . -Doctal, --debug=octal . octal OR ( ). -Dh --debug=help . Number Description 1 Generally helpful progress information 2 Invocation and status of maintainer scripts 10 Output for each file processed 100 Lots of output for each file processed 20 Output for each configuration file 200 Lots of output for each configuration file 40 Dependencies and conflicts 400 Lots of dependencies/conflicts output 10000 Trigger activation and processing 20000 Lots of output regarding triggers 40000 Silly amounts of output regarding triggers 1000 Lots of drivel about for example the dpkg/info dir 2000 Insane amounts of drivel --force-things --no-force-things, --refuse-things (no-force refuse ) . things . --force-help . (*) . : . . all: ( ) . downgrade(*): . : dpkg (downgrade) . . . configure-any: . hold: "hold" . : "hold" . remove-reinstreq: . dpkg . remove-protected: ( dpkg 1.20.1). (system-local meta-packages) . () . remove-essential: (essential) . ( ). . depends: . Pre-Depends Depends . depends-version: . Pre-Depends Depends . breaks: ( dpkg 1.14.6). Breaks . conflicts: . . Conflicts . confmiss: (conffile) . ( ) . confnew: (conffile) --force-confdef . confold: (conffile) --force-confdef . confdef: (conffile) . --force-confnew --force-confold . confask: (conffile) ( dpkg 1.15.8). --force-confnew --force-confold --force-confdef . overwrite: . overwrite-dir: . overwrite-diverted: (diverted) . statoverride-add: stat override ( dpkg 1.19.5). statoverride-remove: stat override ( dpkg 1.19.5). security-mac(*): (MAC) ( dpkg 1.19.5). SELinux . unsafe-io: I/O ( dpkg 1.15.8.6). (sync) I/O . : ext4 nodelalloc sync . : . script-chrootless: chroot(2) instdir ( dpkg 1.18.5). : . architecture: . bad-version: ( dpkg 1.16.1). bad-path: PATH . not-root: (root). bad-verify: . --ignore-depends=package,... ( ). Pre-Depends Depends Breaks . --no-act, --dry-run, --simulate . . --no-act ( dpkg --purge foo --no-act "foo" "--no-act" ). -R, --recursive *.deb . -i -A --install --unpack --record-avail . -G . --refuse-downgrade . --admindir=directory directory . . DPKG_ADMINDIR <> . --instdir=directory . instdir chroot(2) instdir . DPKG_ROOT <> ( dpkg 1.21.10). --root=directory directory DPKG_ROOT <> <> ( dpkg 1.21.10). -O, --selected-only . dselect dpkg . . -E, --skip-same-version . dpkg 1.21.10 (cross- grade) . --pre-invoke=command --post-invoke=command command "sh -c" dpkg unpack configure install triggers-only remove purge ( dpkg 1.15.4) add-architecture remove-architecture ( dpkg 1.17.19) . . . DPKG_HOOK_ACTION dpkg . --no-act --force-not-root . : (Front- ends) dpkg . --path-exclude=glob-pattern --path-include=glob-pattern glob-pattern ( dpkg 1.15.8). : . glob `*' `/' . <> <> . `?' ( `/') . `[' . globbing glob(7) . : . : --path-exclude=/usr/share/doc/* --path-include=/usr/share/doc/*/copyright (copyright). . . ( ) . ( find(1)) /usr/share/doc ( ). . : glob . --verify-format format-name --verify ( dpkg 1.17.2). rpm . : missing [c] pathname [(error-message)] ?M5?????? [c] pathname missing : `?' ( ). `.' . `A-Za-z0-9' . : 1 `?' `?' . 2 `M' ( dpkg 1.21.0). . . 3 `5' (digest) . . 4-9 `?' `?' . . : `c' conffile . . missing . --status-fd n n . . : status: package: status status . status: package : error : extended-error-message . extended-error-message . status: file : conffile-prompt : 'real-old' 'real-new' useredited distedited conffile . processing: stage: package . stage upgrade install ( ) configure trigproc disappear remove purge . --status-logger=command command "sh -c" ( dpkg 1.16.0). . --status-fd . --no-act --force-not-root . --log=filename /var/log/dpkg.log filename . . : YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS startup type command dpkg type archives ( command unpack install) packages ( command configure triggers-only remove purge). YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS status state pkg installed-version . YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS action pkg installed-version available-version action install upgrade configure trigproc disappear remove purge . YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS conffile filename decision conffile decision install keep. --robot . . . --version . --no-pager (pager) ( dpkg 1.19.2). --no-debsig . --no-triggers ( dpkg 1.14.17) . --configure package --triggers-only package postinst . triggers-awaited triggers-pending . : dpkg --configure --pending. --triggers --no-triggers ( dpkg 1.14.17). (EXIT STATUS) 0 (assertion) (true) . 1 (false) . 2 . (ENVIRONMENT) (External environment) PATH . dpkg . HOME dpkg . TMPDIR dpkg . SHELL dpkg . PAGER DPKG_PAGER dpkg <<$SHELL -c>> conffile. SHELL <> . DPKG_PAGER PAGER ( dpkg 1.19.2 ). DPKG_PAGER PAGER ( dpkg 1.22.12 ): more less(1) more(1) cat(1). DPKG_COLORS ( dpkg 1.18.5 ). : auto () always never. DPKG_NLS (Native Language Support) ( i18n) ( dpkg 1.22.7 ). : 0 1 (). DPKG_DEBUG (octal) ( dpkg 1.21.10 ). --debug . DPKG_FORCE ( dpkg 1.19.5 ). . . DPKG_ROOT --instdir --root ( dpkg 1.21.10 ). DPKG_ADMINDIR --admindir --root dpkg ( dpkg 1.20.0 ). DPKG_FRONTEND_LOCKED dpkg ( dpkg 1.19.1 ). DPKG_PATH_PASSWD passwd . --root . /etc/passwd . dpkg 1.22.16 . DPKG_PATH_GROUP group . --root . /etc/group . dpkg 1.22.16 . (Internal environment) LESS dpkg "-FRSXMQ" ( dpkg 1.19.2 ). PAGER DPKG_PAGER <<-+>> DPKG_PAGER="less -+F". DPKG_ROOT dpkg ( dpkg 1.18.5 ). . . instdir dpkg chroot(2) --force-script-chrootless chroot(2) instdir ( ). DPKG_ADMINDIR dpkg dpkg ( dpkg 1.16.0 ). --admindir . DPKG_FORCE dpkg ( dpkg 1.19.5 ). DPKG_SHELL_REASON dpkg conffile ( dpkg 1.15.6 ). : conffile-prompt. DPKG_CONFFILE_OLD dpkg conffile ( dpkg 1.15.6 ). conffile . DPKG_CONFFILE_NEW dpkg conffile ( dpkg 1.15.6 ). conffile . DPKG_HOOK_ACTION dpkg ( dpkg 1.15.4 ). dpkg . DPKG_RUNNING_VERSION dpkg dpkg ( dpkg 1.14.17 ). DPKG_MAINTSCRIPT_PACKAGE dpkg ( ) ( dpkg 1.14.17 ). DPKG_MAINTSCRIPT_PACKAGE_REFCOUNT dpkg not-installed ( dpkg 1.17.2 ). DPKG_MAINTSCRIPT_ARCH dpkg ( dpkg 1.15.4 ). DPKG_MAINTSCRIPT_NAME dpkg preinst postinst prerm postrm ( dpkg 1.15.7 ). DPKG_MAINTSCRIPT_DEBUG dpkg (`0' `1') ( --debug) ( dpkg 1.18.4 ). (FILES) /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/[0-9a-zA-Z_-]* ( dpkg 1.15.4 ). /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg . /var/log/dpkg.log ( /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg --log ). --admindir . /var/lib/dpkg/available . /var/lib/dpkg/status . . " (INFORMATION ABOUT PACKAGES)" . /var/backups . . deb(5) . (Filesystem filenames) dpkg (rollback) . . *.dpkg-new dpkg pathname.dpkg-new ( ) pathname . *.dpkg-tmp dpkg pathname.dpkg-tmp . ( ) conffile . (rollback) . . *.dpkg-old dpkg conffile pathname.dpkg-old . *.dpkg-dist dpkg conffile pathname.dpkg-dist . (SECURITY) (root escalation) . . ( ) . (gain-root) ( ) (pager) . SECURITY dpkg-deb(1) dpkg-split(1) . (BUGS) --no-act . (EXAMPLES) vi(1) ( dpkg-query available --load-avail dpkg-query ): dpkg -l '*vi*' /var/lib/dpkg/available: dpkg --print-avail vim neovim | less : dpkg --print-avail | less neovim: dpkg -r neovim . pool : dpkg -i /media/bdrom/pool/main/v/vim/vim_9.0.2018-1_amd64.deb : dpkg --get-selections >myselections available ( ) : apt-cache dumpavail | dpkg --merge-avail : dpkg --clear-selections dpkg --set-selections . . apt-get dselect-upgrade . dselect(1) . (ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONALITY) : apt aptitude debsig-verify. (SEE ALSO) aptitude(8), apt(8), dselect(1), dpkg-deb(1), dpkg-query(1), deb(5), deb-control(5), dpkg.cfg(5), and dpkg-reconfigure(8). (AUTHORS) dpkg /usr/share/doc/dpkg/THANKS . 1.23.7-dirty 2026-03-06 dpkg(1)