DOVEADM-WHO(1)                      Dovecot                     DOVEADM-WHO(1)

NAME
       doveadm-who - Show who is logged into the Dovecot server

SYNOPSIS
       doveadm [GLOBAL OPTIONS] who [-1] [-f passdb_field] [-a
       anvil_socket_path] [user_mask] [ip [/ bits]]

DESCRIPTION
       The who command is used to show which users from which hosts are
       currently connected to which service.

GLOBAL OPTIONS
       Global doveadm(1) options:

       -D

           Enables verbosity and debug messages.



       -O

           Do not read any config file, just use defaults. The
           dovecot_storage_version setting defaults to the latest version, but
           can be overridden with -o.



       -k

           Preserve entire environment for doveadm, not just
           import_environment setting.



       -v

           Enables verbosity, including progress counter.



       -i instance-name

           If using multiple Dovecot instances, choose the config file based
           on this instance name.

           See instance_name setting for more information.



       -c config-file

           Read configuration from the given config-file. By default it first
           reads config socket, and then falls back to
           /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf. You can also point this to config socket
           of some instance running compatible version.



       -o setting=value

           Overrides the configuration setting from /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
           and from the userdb with the given value. In order to override
           multiple settings, the -o option may be specified multiple times.



       -f formatter

           Specifies the formatter for formatting the output. Supported
           formatters are:

           flow

               prints each line with key=value pairs.


       json

           prints a JSON array of JSON objects.


       pager

           prints each key: value pair on its own line and separates records
           with form feed character (^L).


       tab

           prints a table header followed by tab separated value lines.


       table

           prints a table header followed by adjusted value lines.




       This command uses by default the output formatter table.

OPTIONS
       -1

           Print one line per user and connection. Otherwise the connections
           are grouped by the username.



       -a anvil_socket_path

           This option is used to specify an alternative socket. The option's
           argument is either an absolute path to a local UNIX domain socket,
           or a hostname and port (hostname:port), in order to connect a
           remote host via a TCP socket.

           By default doveadm(1) will use the socket /rundir/anvil. The socket
           may be located in another directory, when the default base_dir
           setting was overridden in /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf.



       -f passdb_field

           Alternative username field to use for querying, as returned by
           passdb. Only the passdb fields beginning with the user_ prefix are
           tracked.



ARGUMENTS
       ip [/ bits]

           Specify an ip address or network range, in CIDR notation, to reduce
           the result to matching connections.



       user_mask

           List only users whose login name matches the user_mask, or the
           alternative username (user_* field) if the -f parameter is used.
           It's also possible to use wildcards in the user name.



EXAMPLE
       Show authenticated sessions, filtered by the client's IP address:

         doveadm who ::1

         username                       # proto (pids)        (ips)
         jane                           2 imap  (30155 30412) (::1)

         $ doveadm who 192.0.2.0/24
         username                        # proto (pids)  (ips)
         john@example.com                1 imap  (30257) (192.0.2.34)

       Show authenticated sessions, filtered by username:

         doveadm who pvo

         username         # proto (pids)                    (ips)
         pvo              1 sieve (30343)                   (fd95:4eed:38ba::25)
         pvo              4 imap  (25693 25686 25679 25669) (fd95:4eed:38ba::25)

         $ doveadm who ja\*
         username                    # proto (pids)        (ips)
         james                       1 imap  (30091)       (127.0.0.1)
         jane                        2 imap  (30155 30412) (::1)

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs, including doveconf -n output, to the Dovecot Mailing List
       <dovecot@dovecot.org>. Information about reporting bugs is available
       at: <https://dovecot.org/bugreport.html>

SEE ALSO
       doveadm(1)

e5ac02a                            May 2026                     DOVEADM-WHO(1)